Contract Name:
PixelPainter
Contract Source Code:
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.27;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// ██████╗ ██╗██╗ ██╗███████╗██╗ ███████╗ █████╗ ██████╗ ████████╗
// ██╔══██╗██║╚██╗██╔╝██╔════╝██║ ██╔════╝ ██╔══██╗██╔══██╗╚══██╔══╝
// ██████╔╝██║ ╚███╔╝ █████╗ ██║ ███████╗ ███████║██████╔╝ ██║
// ██╔═══╝ ██║ ██╔██╗ ██╔══╝ ██║ ╚════██║ ██╔══██║██╔══██╗ ██║
// ██║ ██║██╔╝ ██╗███████╗███████╗███████║ ██╗ ██║ ██║██║ ██║ ██║
// ╚═╝ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═╝╚══════╝╚══════╝╚══════╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import "solady/auth/Ownable.sol";
import "solady/utils/LibString.sol";
import "solady/utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import "./interfaces/IPixelCanvas.sol";
import "./interfaces/IPixelPainter.sol";
import "./interfaces/IWETH9.sol";
contract PixelPainter is IPixelPainter, ReentrancyGuard, Ownable {
using LibString for uint256;
using Math for uint256;
IPixelCanvas public canvas;
address public feeRecipient;
IWETH9 public immutable wape;
struct PaintVars {
uint256 canvasSize;
uint256 currentGeneration;
uint256 pixelCount;
uint256 uniquePixelsAdded;
uint256 totalArmorUsed;
uint256 paintedPixels;
uint256 pixelsProcessed;
}
// Canvas
uint256 public canvasSize = 256;
uint256 public currentGeneration;
uint256 public uniquePixelsPainted;
uint256 public painterShare = 90;
uint256 public constant PAINTER_SHARE_DENOMINATOR = 100;
// Painters
address[] public uniquePainters;
mapping(address => bool) public isUniquePainter;
mapping(address => uint256) public lastPaintTime;
mapping(address => uint256) public pixelCounts;
mapping(uint256 => uint256) public storedPixelData; // address (160 bits) | generation (96 bits)
// Minting
bool public mintingEnabled;
uint256 public mintThreshold = 69;
uint256 public auctionEndPrice = 10 ether;
uint256 public auctionDuration = 24 hours;
uint256 public auctionStartPrice = 1000 ether;
uint256 public auctionStartTime;
// Basic painting
uint256 public standardMaxPixelsPerTx = 100;
uint256 public standardPaintCooldown = 15 minutes;
// Canvas holder painting
uint256 public nftHolderCooldown = 5 minutes;
uint256 public nftHolderPaintCap = 200;
// Boosted painting
uint256 public baseBoostPrice = 5 ether;
uint256 public lastBoostPrice;
uint256 public lastBoostTime;
uint256 public boostedMaxPixelsPerTx = 500;
uint256 public boostedPaintCooldown = 1 minutes;
uint256 public boostDuration = 1 hours;
uint256 public boostPriceMultiplier = 120;
uint256 public boostCooldownWindow = 1 hours;
mapping(address => uint256) public boostExpiryTime;
// Armor
uint256 public baseArmorPrice = 0.001 ether;
uint256 public totalActiveArmor;
mapping(address => uint256) public armorUnits;
constructor(
address _owner,
address _canvas,
address _feeRecipient,
address _wape
) {
_initializeOwner(_owner);
canvas = IPixelCanvas(_canvas);
feeRecipient = _feeRecipient;
wape = IWETH9(_wape);
}
function paint(uint256[] calldata pixels, uint256 pixelCount) external {
(uint256 maxPixels, uint256 cooldown) = getUserPaintLimits(msg.sender);
uint256 _lastPaintTime = lastPaintTime[msg.sender];
require(pixelCount > 0, EmptyPixelArray());
require(pixelCount <= maxPixels, TooManyPixels());
unchecked {
require(pixelCount <= pixels.length * 10, TooManyPixels());
}
if (_lastPaintTime != 0) {
unchecked {
require(block.timestamp >= _lastPaintTime + cooldown, CooldownNotExpired());
}
}
if (!isUniquePainter[msg.sender]) {
uniquePainters.push(msg.sender);
isUniquePainter[msg.sender] = true;
}
PaintVars memory vars = PaintVars({
canvasSize: canvasSize,
currentGeneration: currentGeneration,
pixelCount: pixelCounts[msg.sender],
uniquePixelsAdded: 0,
totalArmorUsed: 0,
paintedPixels: 0,
pixelsProcessed: 0
});
_paint(pixels, pixelCount, vars);
if (vars.paintedPixels > 0) {
unchecked {
pixelCounts[msg.sender] = vars.pixelCount + vars.paintedPixels;
uniquePixelsPainted += vars.uniquePixelsAdded;
}
}
totalActiveArmor -= vars.totalArmorUsed;
lastPaintTime[msg.sender] = block.timestamp;
if (!mintingEnabled && canMint()) {
mintingEnabled = true;
auctionStartTime = block.timestamp;
emit MintingEnabled();
}
}
function _paint(uint256[] calldata pixels, uint256 pixelCount, PaintVars memory vars) internal {
uint256 shift;
for (uint256 i; i < pixels.length;) {
uint256 data = pixels[i];
uint256 paintedPixels;
uint256 paintedPixelCount;
for (uint256 j; j < 10;) {
if (vars.pixelsProcessed >= pixelCount) break;
unchecked {
shift = 24 * (9 - j);
}
uint256 pixelData = (data >> shift) & 0xFFFFFF;
uint256 x = pixelData >> 16;
uint256 y = (pixelData >> 8) & 0xFF;
uint256 pixelKey = (x << 8) | y;
uint256 existingData = storedPixelData[pixelKey];
if (existingData == 0 || (existingData >> 160) != vars.currentGeneration) {
require(x < vars.canvasSize && y < vars.canvasSize, PixelOutOfBounds());
unchecked {
++vars.uniquePixelsAdded;
++vars.paintedPixels;
shift = 24 * (9 - paintedPixelCount);
}
storedPixelData[pixelKey] = uint256(uint160(msg.sender)) | (vars.currentGeneration << 160);
paintedPixels |= pixelData << shift;
unchecked {
++paintedPixelCount;
}
} else {
address prevPainter = address(uint160(existingData));
if (prevPainter == msg.sender) {
unchecked {
shift = 24 * (9 - paintedPixelCount);
++paintedPixelCount;
}
paintedPixels |= pixelData << shift;
} else if (armorUnits[prevPainter] > 0) {
--armorUnits[prevPainter];
unchecked {
++vars.totalArmorUsed;
}
emit ArmorUsed(prevPainter, pixelData);
} else {
--pixelCounts[prevPainter];
unchecked {
++vars.paintedPixels;
shift = 24 * (9 - paintedPixelCount);
}
paintedPixels |= pixelData << shift;
storedPixelData[pixelKey] = uint256(uint160(msg.sender)) | (vars.currentGeneration << 160);
unchecked {
++paintedPixelCount;
}
}
}
unchecked {
++vars.pixelsProcessed;
++j;
}
}
if (paintedPixelCount > 0) {
emit PixelPainted(msg.sender, paintedPixels);
}
unchecked {
++i;
}
}
}
function mint() external payable nonReentrant {
require(mintingEnabled, MintingNotEnabled());
uint256 mintPrice = getMintPrice();
require(msg.value >= mintPrice, InsufficientPayment());
uint256 paintersShare = (mintPrice * painterShare) / PAINTER_SHARE_DENOMINATOR;
uint256 tokenId = canvas.nextTokenId();
auctionStartTime = block.timestamp;
_resetCanvas();
wape.deposit{value: mintPrice}();
if (uniquePixelsPainted > 0) {
uint256 sqrtSum;
for (uint256 i = 0; i < uniquePainters.length; ++i) {
address painter = uniquePainters[i];
uint256 sqrtPixels = Math.sqrt(pixelCounts[painter]);
unchecked {
sqrtSum += sqrtPixels;
}
}
for (uint256 i = 0; i < uniquePainters.length; ++i) {
address painter = uniquePainters[i];
uint256 sqrtPixels = Math.sqrt(pixelCounts[painter]);
uint256 share = (paintersShare * sqrtPixels) / sqrtSum;
if (share > 0) {
wape.transfer(painter, share);
}
}
}
wape.transfer(feeRecipient, mintPrice - paintersShare);
emit MintCanvas(tokenId, msg.sender, mintPrice);
canvas.mint(msg.sender);
uint256 excess = msg.value - mintPrice;
if (excess > 0) {
(bool success, ) = payable(msg.sender).call{value: excess}("");
require(success, TransferFailed());
}
}
function purchaseBoost() external payable nonReentrant {
uint256 boostPrice = getBoostPrice();
require(msg.value >= boostPrice, InsufficientPayment());
lastBoostPrice = boostPrice;
lastBoostTime = block.timestamp;
boostExpiryTime[msg.sender] = block.timestamp + boostDuration;
emit BoostPurchased(msg.sender, boostPrice, block.timestamp + boostDuration);
(bool success, ) = payable(feeRecipient).call{value: boostPrice}("");
require(success, TransferFailed());
uint256 excess = msg.value - boostPrice;
if (excess > 0) {
(success, ) = payable(msg.sender).call{value: excess}("");
require(success, TransferFailed());
}
}
function purchaseArmor(address recipient, uint256 units) external payable nonReentrant {
uint256 armorPrice = getArmorPrice(units);
require(msg.value >= armorPrice, InsufficientPayment());
armorUnits[recipient] += units;
totalActiveArmor += units;
emit ArmorPurchased(msg.sender, recipient, units, armorPrice);
(bool success, ) = payable(feeRecipient).call{value: armorPrice}("");
require(success, TransferFailed());
uint256 excess = msg.value - armorPrice;
if (excess > 0) {
(success, ) = payable(msg.sender).call{value: excess}("");
require(success, TransferFailed());
}
}
function getMintPrice() public view returns (uint256) {
uint256 timePassed = block.timestamp - auctionStartTime;
if (timePassed >= auctionDuration) return auctionEndPrice;
uint256 totalPriceDrop = auctionStartPrice - auctionEndPrice;
uint256 currentDrop = (totalPriceDrop * timePassed) / auctionDuration;
uint256 currentPrice = auctionStartPrice - currentDrop;
return currentPrice;
}
function getBoostPrice() public view returns (uint256) {
if (block.timestamp < lastBoostTime + boostCooldownWindow) {
return (lastBoostPrice * boostPriceMultiplier) / 100;
}
return baseBoostPrice;
}
function getArmorPrice(uint256 units) public view returns (uint256) {
uint256 startingTotal = totalActiveArmor;
uint256 endingTotal = startingTotal + units;
uint256 totalPrice;
uint256 totalPixels = canvasSize * canvasSize;
unchecked {
for (uint256 i = startingTotal; i < endingTotal; i++) {
uint256 unitPrice = baseArmorPrice + ((i * i * baseArmorPrice) / totalPixels);
totalPrice += unitPrice;
}
}
return totalPrice;
}
function getCooldown(address user) external view returns (uint256) {
uint256 lastPaint = lastPaintTime[user];
if (lastPaint == 0) return 0;
uint256 nextPaintTime = lastPaint + standardPaintCooldown;
if (block.timestamp >= nextPaintTime) return 0;
return nextPaintTime - block.timestamp;
}
function canMint() public view returns (bool) {
if (mintingEnabled) return true;
uint256 totalPixels = canvasSize * canvasSize;
uint256 threshold = (totalPixels * mintThreshold) / 100;
return uniquePixelsPainted >= threshold;
}
function getUserPaintLimits(address user) public view returns (uint256 maxPixels, uint256 cooldown) {
if (hasActiveBoost(user)) {
return (boostedMaxPixelsPerTx, boostedPaintCooldown);
}
if (canvas.balanceOf(user) > 0) {
return (nftHolderPaintCap, nftHolderCooldown);
}
return (standardMaxPixelsPerTx, standardPaintCooldown);
}
function _resetCanvas() internal {
mintingEnabled = false;
uniquePixelsPainted = 0;
unchecked {
++currentGeneration;
}
for (uint256 i = 0; i < uniquePainters.length; ++i) {
address painter = uniquePainters[i];
delete pixelCounts[painter];
delete isUniquePainter[painter];
}
delete uniquePainters;
emit CanvasReset();
}
function hasActiveBoost(address user) public view returns (bool) {
return block.timestamp < boostExpiryTime[user];
}
function setAuctionStartPrice(uint256 _newPrice) external onlyOwner {
auctionStartPrice = _newPrice;
emit AuctionStartPriceUpdated(_newPrice);
}
function setAuctionEndPrice(uint256 _newPrice) external onlyOwner {
auctionEndPrice = _newPrice;
emit AuctionEndPriceUpdated(_newPrice);
}
function setAuctionDuration(uint256 _newDuration) external onlyOwner {
auctionDuration = _newDuration;
emit AuctionDurationUpdated(_newDuration);
}
function setCanvasSize(uint256 _newSize) external onlyOwner {
canvasSize = _newSize;
emit CanvasSizeUpdated(_newSize);
}
function setStandardMaxPixelsPerTx(uint256 _newMax) external onlyOwner {
standardMaxPixelsPerTx = _newMax;
emit StandardMaxPixelsPerTxUpdated(_newMax);
}
function setStandardPaintCooldown(uint256 _newCooldown) external onlyOwner {
standardPaintCooldown = _newCooldown;
emit StandardPaintCooldownUpdated(_newCooldown);
}
function setBaseBoostPrice(uint256 _newPrice) external onlyOwner {
baseBoostPrice = _newPrice;
emit BaseBoostPriceUpdated(_newPrice);
}
function setBoostDuration(uint256 _newDuration) external onlyOwner {
boostDuration = _newDuration;
emit BoostDurationUpdated(_newDuration);
}
function setBoostedMaxPixelsPerTx(uint256 _newMax) external onlyOwner {
boostedMaxPixelsPerTx = _newMax;
emit BoostedMaxPixelsPerTxUpdated(_newMax);
}
function setBoostedPaintCooldown(uint256 _newCooldown) external onlyOwner {
boostedPaintCooldown = _newCooldown;
emit BoostedPaintCooldownUpdated(_newCooldown);
}
function setBoostPriceMultiplier(uint256 _newMultiplier) external onlyOwner {
boostPriceMultiplier = _newMultiplier;
emit BoostPriceMultiplierUpdated(_newMultiplier);
}
function setBoostCooldownWindow(uint256 _newWindow) external onlyOwner {
boostCooldownWindow = _newWindow;
emit BoostCooldownWindowUpdated(_newWindow);
}
function setPainterShare(uint256 _newShare) external onlyOwner {
require(_newShare <= PAINTER_SHARE_DENOMINATOR, "Share too high");
painterShare = _newShare;
emit PainterShareUpdated(_newShare);
}
function setCanvas(address _canvas) external onlyOwner {
canvas = IPixelCanvas(_canvas);
emit CanvasUpdated(_canvas);
}
function setFeeRecipient(address _feeRecipient) external onlyOwner {
feeRecipient = _feeRecipient;
emit FeeRecipientUpdated(_feeRecipient);
}
function setMintThreshold(uint256 _newThreshold) external onlyOwner {
require(_newThreshold <= 100, ThresholdTooHigh());
mintThreshold = _newThreshold;
emit MintThresholdUpdated(_newThreshold);
}
function setNFTHolderCooldown(uint256 _newCooldown) external onlyOwner {
nftHolderCooldown = _newCooldown;
emit NFTHolderCooldownUpdated(_newCooldown);
}
function setNFTHolderPaintCap(uint256 _newCap) external onlyOwner {
nftHolderPaintCap = _newCap;
emit NFTHolderPaintCapUpdated(_newCap);
}
function setBaseArmorPrice(uint256 _newPrice) external onlyOwner {
baseArmorPrice = _newPrice;
emit BaseArmorPriceUpdated(_newPrice);
}
function withdraw() external onlyOwner {
(bool success, ) = payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
require(success, TransferFailed());
}
receive() external payable {}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC721} from "./IERC721.sol";
import {IERC721Metadata} from "./extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import {ERC721Utils} from "./utils/ERC721Utils.sol";
import {Context} from "../../utils/Context.sol";
import {Strings} from "../../utils/Strings.sol";
import {IERC165, ERC165} from "../../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";
import {IERC721Errors} from "../../interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";
/**
* @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC-721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
* the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
* {ERC721Enumerable}.
*/
abstract contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata, IERC721Errors {
using Strings for uint256;
// Token name
string private _name;
// Token symbol
string private _symbol;
mapping(uint256 tokenId => address) private _owners;
mapping(address owner => uint256) private _balances;
mapping(uint256 tokenId => address) private _tokenApprovals;
mapping(address owner => mapping(address operator => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;
/**
* @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
*/
constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
_name = name_;
_symbol = symbol_;
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
*/
function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
return
interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
*/
function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
if (owner == address(0)) {
revert ERC721InvalidOwner(address(0));
}
return _balances[owner];
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
*/
function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual returns (address) {
return _requireOwned(tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
*/
function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
return _name;
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
*/
function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
return _symbol;
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
*/
function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual returns (string memory) {
_requireOwned(tokenId);
string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string.concat(baseURI, tokenId.toString()) : "";
}
/**
* @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
* token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
* by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
*/
function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
return "";
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
*/
function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual {
_approve(to, tokenId, _msgSender());
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
*/
function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual returns (address) {
_requireOwned(tokenId);
return _getApproved(tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
*/
function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual {
_setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
*/
function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual returns (bool) {
return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
*/
function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual {
if (to == address(0)) {
revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(address(0));
}
// Setting an "auth" arguments enables the `_isAuthorized` check which verifies that the token exists
// (from != 0). Therefore, it is not needed to verify that the return value is not 0 here.
address previousOwner = _update(to, tokenId, _msgSender());
if (previousOwner != from) {
revert ERC721IncorrectOwner(from, tokenId, previousOwner);
}
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public {
safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) public virtual {
transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
ERC721Utils.checkOnERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, to, tokenId, data);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId`. Does NOT revert if token doesn't exist
*
* IMPORTANT: Any overrides to this function that add ownership of tokens not tracked by the
* core ERC-721 logic MUST be matched with the use of {_increaseBalance} to keep balances
* consistent with ownership. The invariant to preserve is that for any address `a` the value returned by
* `balanceOf(a)` must be equal to the number of tokens such that `_ownerOf(tokenId)` is `a`.
*/
function _ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
return _owners[tokenId];
}
/**
* @dev Returns the approved address for `tokenId`. Returns 0 if `tokenId` is not minted.
*/
function _getApproved(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `owner`'s tokens, or `tokenId` in
* particular (ignoring whether it is owned by `owner`).
*
* WARNING: This function assumes that `owner` is the actual owner of `tokenId` and does not verify this
* assumption.
*/
function _isAuthorized(address owner, address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
return
spender != address(0) &&
(owner == spender || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || _getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
}
/**
* @dev Checks if `spender` can operate on `tokenId`, assuming the provided `owner` is the actual owner.
* Reverts if:
* - `spender` does not have approval from `owner` for `tokenId`.
* - `spender` does not have approval to manage all of `owner`'s assets.
*
* WARNING: This function assumes that `owner` is the actual owner of `tokenId` and does not verify this
* assumption.
*/
function _checkAuthorized(address owner, address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
if (!_isAuthorized(owner, spender, tokenId)) {
if (owner == address(0)) {
revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
} else {
revert ERC721InsufficientApproval(spender, tokenId);
}
}
}
/**
* @dev Unsafe write access to the balances, used by extensions that "mint" tokens using an {ownerOf} override.
*
* NOTE: the value is limited to type(uint128).max. This protect against _balance overflow. It is unrealistic that
* a uint256 would ever overflow from increments when these increments are bounded to uint128 values.
*
* WARNING: Increasing an account's balance using this function tends to be paired with an override of the
* {_ownerOf} function to resolve the ownership of the corresponding tokens so that balances and ownership
* remain consistent with one another.
*/
function _increaseBalance(address account, uint128 value) internal virtual {
unchecked {
_balances[account] += value;
}
}
/**
* @dev Transfers `tokenId` from its current owner to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if the current owner
* (or `to`) is the zero address. Returns the owner of the `tokenId` before the update.
*
* The `auth` argument is optional. If the value passed is non 0, then this function will check that
* `auth` is either the owner of the token, or approved to operate on the token (by the owner).
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*
* NOTE: If overriding this function in a way that tracks balances, see also {_increaseBalance}.
*/
function _update(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth) internal virtual returns (address) {
address from = _ownerOf(tokenId);
// Perform (optional) operator check
if (auth != address(0)) {
_checkAuthorized(from, auth, tokenId);
}
// Execute the update
if (from != address(0)) {
// Clear approval. No need to re-authorize or emit the Approval event
_approve(address(0), tokenId, address(0), false);
unchecked {
_balances[from] -= 1;
}
}
if (to != address(0)) {
unchecked {
_balances[to] += 1;
}
}
_owners[tokenId] = to;
emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
return from;
}
/**
* @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
*
* WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must not exist.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
if (to == address(0)) {
revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(address(0));
}
address previousOwner = _update(to, tokenId, address(0));
if (previousOwner != address(0)) {
revert ERC721InvalidSender(address(0));
}
}
/**
* @dev Mints `tokenId`, transfers it to `to` and checks for `to` acceptance.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must not exist.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
_safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
* forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
*/
function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
_mint(to, tokenId);
ERC721Utils.checkOnERC721Received(_msgSender(), address(0), to, tokenId, data);
}
/**
* @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
* The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
* This is an internal function that does not check if the sender is authorized to operate on the token.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal {
address previousOwner = _update(address(0), tokenId, address(0));
if (previousOwner == address(0)) {
revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
}
}
/**
* @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
* As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
if (to == address(0)) {
revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(address(0));
}
address previousOwner = _update(to, tokenId, address(0));
if (previousOwner == address(0)) {
revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
} else if (previousOwner != from) {
revert ERC721IncorrectOwner(from, tokenId, previousOwner);
}
}
/**
* @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking that contract recipients
* are aware of the ERC-721 standard to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
*
* `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
*
* This internal function is like {safeTransferFrom} in the sense that it invokes
* {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on the receiver, and can be used to e.g.
* implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
_safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, "");
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeTransfer-address-address-uint256-}[`_safeTransfer`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
* forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
*/
function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
_transfer(from, to, tokenId);
ERC721Utils.checkOnERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, to, tokenId, data);
}
/**
* @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
*
* The `auth` argument is optional. If the value passed is non 0, then this function will check that `auth` is
* either the owner of the token, or approved to operate on all tokens held by this owner.
*
* Emits an {Approval} event.
*
* Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
*/
function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth) internal {
_approve(to, tokenId, auth, true);
}
/**
* @dev Variant of `_approve` with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event. The event is not
* emitted in the context of transfers.
*/
function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
// Avoid reading the owner unless necessary
if (emitEvent || auth != address(0)) {
address owner = _requireOwned(tokenId);
// We do not use _isAuthorized because single-token approvals should not be able to call approve
if (auth != address(0) && owner != auth && !isApprovedForAll(owner, auth)) {
revert ERC721InvalidApprover(auth);
}
if (emitEvent) {
emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
}
}
_tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
}
/**
* @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
*
* Requirements:
* - operator can't be the address zero.
*
* Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
*/
function _setApprovalForAll(address owner, address operator, bool approved) internal virtual {
if (operator == address(0)) {
revert ERC721InvalidOperator(operator);
}
_operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
}
/**
* @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` doesn't have a current owner (it hasn't been minted, or it has been burned).
* Returns the owner.
*
* Overrides to ownership logic should be done to {_ownerOf}.
*/
function _requireOwned(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (address) {
address owner = _ownerOf(tokenId);
if (owner == address(0)) {
revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
}
return owner;
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Panic} from "../Panic.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "./SafeCast.sol";
/**
* @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
*/
library Math {
enum Rounding {
Floor, // Toward negative infinity
Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
Trunc, // Toward zero
Expand // Away from zero
}
/**
* @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an success flag (no overflow).
*/
function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
unchecked {
uint256 c = a + b;
if (c < a) return (false, 0);
return (true, c);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an success flag (no overflow).
*/
function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
unchecked {
if (b > a) return (false, 0);
return (true, a - b);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an success flag (no overflow).
*/
function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
unchecked {
// Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
// benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
// See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
uint256 c = a * b;
if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
return (true, c);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no division by zero).
*/
function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
unchecked {
if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
return (true, a / b);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no division by zero).
*/
function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
unchecked {
if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
return (true, a % b);
}
}
/**
* @dev Branchless ternary evaluation for `a ? b : c`. Gas costs are constant.
*
* IMPORTANT: This function may reduce bytecode size and consume less gas when used standalone.
* However, the compiler may optimize Solidity ternary operations (i.e. `a ? b : c`) to only compute
* one branch when needed, making this function more expensive.
*/
function ternary(bool condition, uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
unchecked {
// branchless ternary works because:
// b ^ (a ^ b) == a
// b ^ 0 == b
return b ^ ((a ^ b) * SafeCast.toUint(condition));
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
*/
function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
return ternary(a > b, a, b);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
*/
function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
return ternary(a < b, a, b);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
* zero.
*/
function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
// (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
*
* This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
* of rounding towards zero.
*/
function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
if (b == 0) {
// Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
}
// The following calculation ensures accurate ceiling division without overflow.
// Since a is non-zero, (a - 1) / b will not overflow.
// The largest possible result occurs when (a - 1) / b is type(uint256).max,
// but the largest value we can obtain is type(uint256).max - 1, which happens
// when a = type(uint256).max and b = 1.
unchecked {
return SafeCast.toUint(a > 0) * ((a - 1) / b + 1);
}
}
/**
* @dev Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
* denominator == 0.
*
* Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
* Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
*/
function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
unchecked {
// 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2²⁵⁶ and mod 2²⁵⁶ - 1, then use
// the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
// variables such that product = prod1 * 2²⁵⁶ + prod0.
uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
assembly {
let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
}
// Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
if (prod1 == 0) {
// Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
// The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
// See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
return prod0 / denominator;
}
// Make sure the result is less than 2²⁵⁶. Also prevents denominator == 0.
if (denominator <= prod1) {
Panic.panic(ternary(denominator == 0, Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO, Panic.UNDER_OVERFLOW));
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////
// 512 by 256 division.
///////////////////////////////////////////////
// Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
uint256 remainder;
assembly {
// Compute remainder using mulmod.
remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
// Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
}
// Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
// Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
assembly {
// Divide denominator by twos.
denominator := div(denominator, twos)
// Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
// Flip twos such that it is 2²⁵⁶ / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
}
// Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
// Invert denominator mod 2²⁵⁶. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2²⁵⁶ such
// that denominator * inv ≡ 1 mod 2²⁵⁶. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
// four bits. That is, denominator * inv ≡ 1 mod 2⁴.
uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
// Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
// works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2⁸
inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2¹⁶
inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2³²
inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2⁶⁴
inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2¹²⁸
inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2²⁵⁶
// Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
// This will give us the correct result modulo 2²⁵⁶. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
// less than 2²⁵⁶, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
// is no longer required.
result = prod0 * inverse;
return result;
}
}
/**
* @dev Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
*/
function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
return mulDiv(x, y, denominator) + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0);
}
/**
* @dev Calculate the modular multiplicative inverse of a number in Z/nZ.
*
* If n is a prime, then Z/nZ is a field. In that case all elements are inversible, except 0.
* If n is not a prime, then Z/nZ is not a field, and some elements might not be inversible.
*
* If the input value is not inversible, 0 is returned.
*
* NOTE: If you know for sure that n is (big) a prime, it may be cheaper to use Fermat's little theorem and get the
* inverse using `Math.modExp(a, n - 2, n)`. See {invModPrime}.
*/
function invMod(uint256 a, uint256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
unchecked {
if (n == 0) return 0;
// The inverse modulo is calculated using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm (iterative version)
// Used to compute integers x and y such that: ax + ny = gcd(a, n).
// When the gcd is 1, then the inverse of a modulo n exists and it's x.
// ax + ny = 1
// ax = 1 + (-y)n
// ax ≡ 1 (mod n) # x is the inverse of a modulo n
// If the remainder is 0 the gcd is n right away.
uint256 remainder = a % n;
uint256 gcd = n;
// Therefore the initial coefficients are:
// ax + ny = gcd(a, n) = n
// 0a + 1n = n
int256 x = 0;
int256 y = 1;
while (remainder != 0) {
uint256 quotient = gcd / remainder;
(gcd, remainder) = (
// The old remainder is the next gcd to try.
remainder,
// Compute the next remainder.
// Can't overflow given that (a % gcd) * (gcd // (a % gcd)) <= gcd
// where gcd is at most n (capped to type(uint256).max)
gcd - remainder * quotient
);
(x, y) = (
// Increment the coefficient of a.
y,
// Decrement the coefficient of n.
// Can overflow, but the result is casted to uint256 so that the
// next value of y is "wrapped around" to a value between 0 and n - 1.
x - y * int256(quotient)
);
}
if (gcd != 1) return 0; // No inverse exists.
return ternary(x < 0, n - uint256(-x), uint256(x)); // Wrap the result if it's negative.
}
}
/**
* @dev Variant of {invMod}. More efficient, but only works if `p` is known to be a prime greater than `2`.
*
* From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_little_theorem[Fermat's little theorem], we know that if p is
* prime, then `a**(p-1) ≡ 1 mod p`. As a consequence, we have `a * a**(p-2) ≡ 1 mod p`, which means that
* `a**(p-2)` is the modular multiplicative inverse of a in Fp.
*
* NOTE: this function does NOT check that `p` is a prime greater than `2`.
*/
function invModPrime(uint256 a, uint256 p) internal view returns (uint256) {
unchecked {
return Math.modExp(a, p - 2, p);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the modular exponentiation of the specified base, exponent and modulus (b ** e % m)
*
* Requirements:
* - modulus can't be zero
* - underlying staticcall to precompile must succeed
*
* IMPORTANT: The result is only valid if the underlying call succeeds. When using this function, make
* sure the chain you're using it on supports the precompiled contract for modular exponentiation
* at address 0x05 as specified in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-198[EIP-198]. Otherwise,
* the underlying function will succeed given the lack of a revert, but the result may be incorrectly
* interpreted as 0.
*/
function modExp(uint256 b, uint256 e, uint256 m) internal view returns (uint256) {
(bool success, uint256 result) = tryModExp(b, e, m);
if (!success) {
Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
}
return result;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the modular exponentiation of the specified base, exponent and modulus (b ** e % m).
* It includes a success flag indicating if the operation succeeded. Operation will be marked as failed if trying
* to operate modulo 0 or if the underlying precompile reverted.
*
* IMPORTANT: The result is only valid if the success flag is true. When using this function, make sure the chain
* you're using it on supports the precompiled contract for modular exponentiation at address 0x05 as specified in
* https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-198[EIP-198]. Otherwise, the underlying function will succeed given the lack
* of a revert, but the result may be incorrectly interpreted as 0.
*/
function tryModExp(uint256 b, uint256 e, uint256 m) internal view returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
if (m == 0) return (false, 0);
assembly ("memory-safe") {
let ptr := mload(0x40)
// | Offset | Content | Content (Hex) |
// |-----------|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
// | 0x00:0x1f | size of b | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
// | 0x20:0x3f | size of e | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
// | 0x40:0x5f | size of m | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
// | 0x60:0x7f | value of b | 0x<.............................................................b> |
// | 0x80:0x9f | value of e | 0x<.............................................................e> |
// | 0xa0:0xbf | value of m | 0x<.............................................................m> |
mstore(ptr, 0x20)
mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), 0x20)
mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), 0x20)
mstore(add(ptr, 0x60), b)
mstore(add(ptr, 0x80), e)
mstore(add(ptr, 0xa0), m)
// Given the result < m, it's guaranteed to fit in 32 bytes,
// so we can use the memory scratch space located at offset 0.
success := staticcall(gas(), 0x05, ptr, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x20)
result := mload(0x00)
}
}
/**
* @dev Variant of {modExp} that supports inputs of arbitrary length.
*/
function modExp(bytes memory b, bytes memory e, bytes memory m) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
(bool success, bytes memory result) = tryModExp(b, e, m);
if (!success) {
Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
}
return result;
}
/**
* @dev Variant of {tryModExp} that supports inputs of arbitrary length.
*/
function tryModExp(
bytes memory b,
bytes memory e,
bytes memory m
) internal view returns (bool success, bytes memory result) {
if (_zeroBytes(m)) return (false, new bytes(0));
uint256 mLen = m.length;
// Encode call args in result and move the free memory pointer
result = abi.encodePacked(b.length, e.length, mLen, b, e, m);
assembly ("memory-safe") {
let dataPtr := add(result, 0x20)
// Write result on top of args to avoid allocating extra memory.
success := staticcall(gas(), 0x05, dataPtr, mload(result), dataPtr, mLen)
// Overwrite the length.
// result.length > returndatasize() is guaranteed because returndatasize() == m.length
mstore(result, mLen)
// Set the memory pointer after the returned data.
mstore(0x40, add(dataPtr, mLen))
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether the provided byte array is zero.
*/
function _zeroBytes(bytes memory byteArray) private pure returns (bool) {
for (uint256 i = 0; i < byteArray.length; ++i) {
if (byteArray[i] != 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
* towards zero.
*
* This method is based on Newton's method for computing square roots; the algorithm is restricted to only
* using integer operations.
*/
function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
unchecked {
// Take care of easy edge cases when a == 0 or a == 1
if (a <= 1) {
return a;
}
// In this function, we use Newton's method to get a root of `f(x) := x² - a`. It involves building a
// sequence x_n that converges toward sqrt(a). For each iteration x_n, we also define the error between
// the current value as `ε_n = | x_n - sqrt(a) |`.
//
// For our first estimation, we consider `e` the smallest power of 2 which is bigger than the square root
// of the target. (i.e. `2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) < 2**e`). We know that `e ≤ 128` because `(2¹²⁸)² = 2²⁵⁶` is
// bigger than any uint256.
//
// By noticing that
// `2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) < 2**e → (2**(e-1))² ≤ a < (2**e)² → 2**(2*e-2) ≤ a < 2**(2*e)`
// we can deduce that `e - 1` is `log2(a) / 2`. We can thus compute `x_n = 2**(e-1)` using a method similar
// to the msb function.
uint256 aa = a;
uint256 xn = 1;
if (aa >= (1 << 128)) {
aa >>= 128;
xn <<= 64;
}
if (aa >= (1 << 64)) {
aa >>= 64;
xn <<= 32;
}
if (aa >= (1 << 32)) {
aa >>= 32;
xn <<= 16;
}
if (aa >= (1 << 16)) {
aa >>= 16;
xn <<= 8;
}
if (aa >= (1 << 8)) {
aa >>= 8;
xn <<= 4;
}
if (aa >= (1 << 4)) {
aa >>= 4;
xn <<= 2;
}
if (aa >= (1 << 2)) {
xn <<= 1;
}
// We now have x_n such that `x_n = 2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) < 2**e = 2 * x_n`. This implies ε_n ≤ 2**(e-1).
//
// We can refine our estimation by noticing that the middle of that interval minimizes the error.
// If we move x_n to equal 2**(e-1) + 2**(e-2), then we reduce the error to ε_n ≤ 2**(e-2).
// This is going to be our x_0 (and ε_0)
xn = (3 * xn) >> 1; // ε_0 := | x_0 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-2)
// From here, Newton's method give us:
// x_{n+1} = (x_n + a / x_n) / 2
//
// One should note that:
// x_{n+1}² - a = ((x_n + a / x_n) / 2)² - a
// = ((x_n² + a) / (2 * x_n))² - a
// = (x_n⁴ + 2 * a * x_n² + a²) / (4 * x_n²) - a
// = (x_n⁴ + 2 * a * x_n² + a² - 4 * a * x_n²) / (4 * x_n²)
// = (x_n⁴ - 2 * a * x_n² + a²) / (4 * x_n²)
// = (x_n² - a)² / (2 * x_n)²
// = ((x_n² - a) / (2 * x_n))²
// ≥ 0
// Which proves that for all n ≥ 1, sqrt(a) ≤ x_n
//
// This gives us the proof of quadratic convergence of the sequence:
// ε_{n+1} = | x_{n+1} - sqrt(a) |
// = | (x_n + a / x_n) / 2 - sqrt(a) |
// = | (x_n² + a - 2*x_n*sqrt(a)) / (2 * x_n) |
// = | (x_n - sqrt(a))² / (2 * x_n) |
// = | ε_n² / (2 * x_n) |
// = ε_n² / | (2 * x_n) |
//
// For the first iteration, we have a special case where x_0 is known:
// ε_1 = ε_0² / | (2 * x_0) |
// ≤ (2**(e-2))² / (2 * (2**(e-1) + 2**(e-2)))
// ≤ 2**(2*e-4) / (3 * 2**(e-1))
// ≤ 2**(e-3) / 3
// ≤ 2**(e-3-log2(3))
// ≤ 2**(e-4.5)
//
// For the following iterations, we use the fact that, 2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) ≤ x_n:
// ε_{n+1} = ε_n² / | (2 * x_n) |
// ≤ (2**(e-k))² / (2 * 2**(e-1))
// ≤ 2**(2*e-2*k) / 2**e
// ≤ 2**(e-2*k)
xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_1 := | x_1 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-4.5) -- special case, see above
xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_2 := | x_2 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-9) -- general case with k = 4.5
xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_3 := | x_3 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-18) -- general case with k = 9
xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_4 := | x_4 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-36) -- general case with k = 18
xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_5 := | x_5 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-72) -- general case with k = 36
xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_6 := | x_6 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-144) -- general case with k = 72
// Because e ≤ 128 (as discussed during the first estimation phase), we know have reached a precision
// ε_6 ≤ 2**(e-144) < 1. Given we're operating on integers, then we can ensure that xn is now either
// sqrt(a) or sqrt(a) + 1.
return xn - SafeCast.toUint(xn > a / xn);
}
}
/**
* @dev Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
*/
function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
unchecked {
uint256 result = sqrt(a);
return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a);
}
}
/**
* @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
* Returns 0 if given 0.
*/
function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
uint256 result = 0;
uint256 exp;
unchecked {
exp = 128 * SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 128) - 1);
value >>= exp;
result += exp;
exp = 64 * SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 64) - 1);
value >>= exp;
result += exp;
exp = 32 * SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 32) - 1);
value >>= exp;
result += exp;
exp = 16 * SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 16) - 1);
value >>= exp;
result += exp;
exp = 8 * SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 8) - 1);
value >>= exp;
result += exp;
exp = 4 * SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 4) - 1);
value >>= exp;
result += exp;
exp = 2 * SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 2) - 1);
value >>= exp;
result += exp;
result += SafeCast.toUint(value > 1);
}
return result;
}
/**
* @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
* Returns 0 if given 0.
*/
function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
unchecked {
uint256 result = log2(value);
return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
* Returns 0 if given 0.
*/
function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
uint256 result = 0;
unchecked {
if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
value /= 10 ** 64;
result += 64;
}
if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
value /= 10 ** 32;
result += 32;
}
if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
value /= 10 ** 16;
result += 16;
}
if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
value /= 10 ** 8;
result += 8;
}
if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
value /= 10 ** 4;
result += 4;
}
if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
value /= 10 ** 2;
result += 2;
}
if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
result += 1;
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
* Returns 0 if given 0.
*/
function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
unchecked {
uint256 result = log10(value);
return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
* Returns 0 if given 0.
*
* Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
*/
function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
uint256 result = 0;
uint256 isGt;
unchecked {
isGt = SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 128) - 1);
value >>= isGt * 128;
result += isGt * 16;
isGt = SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 64) - 1);
value >>= isGt * 64;
result += isGt * 8;
isGt = SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 32) - 1);
value >>= isGt * 32;
result += isGt * 4;
isGt = SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 16) - 1);
value >>= isGt * 16;
result += isGt * 2;
result += SafeCast.toUint(value > (1 << 8) - 1);
}
return result;
}
/**
* @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
* Returns 0 if given 0.
*/
function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
unchecked {
uint256 result = log256(value);
return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
*/
function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
/// @notice Simple single owner authorization mixin.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/auth/Ownable.sol)
///
/// @dev Note:
/// This implementation does NOT auto-initialize the owner to `msg.sender`.
/// You MUST call the `_initializeOwner` in the constructor / initializer.
///
/// While the ownable portion follows
/// [EIP-173](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-173) for compatibility,
/// the nomenclature for the 2-step ownership handover may be unique to this codebase.
abstract contract Ownable {
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* CUSTOM ERRORS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev The caller is not authorized to call the function.
error Unauthorized();
/// @dev The `newOwner` cannot be the zero address.
error NewOwnerIsZeroAddress();
/// @dev The `pendingOwner` does not have a valid handover request.
error NoHandoverRequest();
/// @dev Cannot double-initialize.
error AlreadyInitialized();
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* EVENTS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev The ownership is transferred from `oldOwner` to `newOwner`.
/// This event is intentionally kept the same as OpenZeppelin's Ownable to be
/// compatible with indexers and [EIP-173](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-173),
/// despite it not being as lightweight as a single argument event.
event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed oldOwner, address indexed newOwner);
/// @dev An ownership handover to `pendingOwner` has been requested.
event OwnershipHandoverRequested(address indexed pendingOwner);
/// @dev The ownership handover to `pendingOwner` has been canceled.
event OwnershipHandoverCanceled(address indexed pendingOwner);
/// @dev `keccak256(bytes("OwnershipTransferred(address,address)"))`.
uint256 private constant _OWNERSHIP_TRANSFERRED_EVENT_SIGNATURE =
0x8be0079c531659141344cd1fd0a4f28419497f9722a3daafe3b4186f6b6457e0;
/// @dev `keccak256(bytes("OwnershipHandoverRequested(address)"))`.
uint256 private constant _OWNERSHIP_HANDOVER_REQUESTED_EVENT_SIGNATURE =
0xdbf36a107da19e49527a7176a1babf963b4b0ff8cde35ee35d6cd8f1f9ac7e1d;
/// @dev `keccak256(bytes("OwnershipHandoverCanceled(address)"))`.
uint256 private constant _OWNERSHIP_HANDOVER_CANCELED_EVENT_SIGNATURE =
0xfa7b8eab7da67f412cc9575ed43464468f9bfbae89d1675917346ca6d8fe3c92;
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* STORAGE */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev The owner slot is given by:
/// `bytes32(~uint256(uint32(bytes4(keccak256("_OWNER_SLOT_NOT")))))`.
/// It is intentionally chosen to be a high value
/// to avoid collision with lower slots.
/// The choice of manual storage layout is to enable compatibility
/// with both regular and upgradeable contracts.
bytes32 internal constant _OWNER_SLOT =
0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff74873927;
/// The ownership handover slot of `newOwner` is given by:
/// ```
/// mstore(0x00, or(shl(96, user), _HANDOVER_SLOT_SEED))
/// let handoverSlot := keccak256(0x00, 0x20)
/// ```
/// It stores the expiry timestamp of the two-step ownership handover.
uint256 private constant _HANDOVER_SLOT_SEED = 0x389a75e1;
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* INTERNAL FUNCTIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Override to return true to make `_initializeOwner` prevent double-initialization.
function _guardInitializeOwner() internal pure virtual returns (bool guard) {}
/// @dev Initializes the owner directly without authorization guard.
/// This function must be called upon initialization,
/// regardless of whether the contract is upgradeable or not.
/// This is to enable generalization to both regular and upgradeable contracts,
/// and to save gas in case the initial owner is not the caller.
/// For performance reasons, this function will not check if there
/// is an existing owner.
function _initializeOwner(address newOwner) internal virtual {
if (_guardInitializeOwner()) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let ownerSlot := _OWNER_SLOT
if sload(ownerSlot) {
mstore(0x00, 0x0dc149f0) // `AlreadyInitialized()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
// Clean the upper 96 bits.
newOwner := shr(96, shl(96, newOwner))
// Store the new value.
sstore(ownerSlot, or(newOwner, shl(255, iszero(newOwner))))
// Emit the {OwnershipTransferred} event.
log3(0, 0, _OWNERSHIP_TRANSFERRED_EVENT_SIGNATURE, 0, newOwner)
}
} else {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// Clean the upper 96 bits.
newOwner := shr(96, shl(96, newOwner))
// Store the new value.
sstore(_OWNER_SLOT, newOwner)
// Emit the {OwnershipTransferred} event.
log3(0, 0, _OWNERSHIP_TRANSFERRED_EVENT_SIGNATURE, 0, newOwner)
}
}
}
/// @dev Sets the owner directly without authorization guard.
function _setOwner(address newOwner) internal virtual {
if (_guardInitializeOwner()) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let ownerSlot := _OWNER_SLOT
// Clean the upper 96 bits.
newOwner := shr(96, shl(96, newOwner))
// Emit the {OwnershipTransferred} event.
log3(0, 0, _OWNERSHIP_TRANSFERRED_EVENT_SIGNATURE, sload(ownerSlot), newOwner)
// Store the new value.
sstore(ownerSlot, or(newOwner, shl(255, iszero(newOwner))))
}
} else {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let ownerSlot := _OWNER_SLOT
// Clean the upper 96 bits.
newOwner := shr(96, shl(96, newOwner))
// Emit the {OwnershipTransferred} event.
log3(0, 0, _OWNERSHIP_TRANSFERRED_EVENT_SIGNATURE, sload(ownerSlot), newOwner)
// Store the new value.
sstore(ownerSlot, newOwner)
}
}
}
/// @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// If the caller is not the stored owner, revert.
if iszero(eq(caller(), sload(_OWNER_SLOT))) {
mstore(0x00, 0x82b42900) // `Unauthorized()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns how long a two-step ownership handover is valid for in seconds.
/// Override to return a different value if needed.
/// Made internal to conserve bytecode. Wrap it in a public function if needed.
function _ownershipHandoverValidFor() internal view virtual returns (uint64) {
return 48 * 3600;
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* PUBLIC UPDATE FUNCTIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Allows the owner to transfer the ownership to `newOwner`.
function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public payable virtual onlyOwner {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
if iszero(shl(96, newOwner)) {
mstore(0x00, 0x7448fbae) // `NewOwnerIsZeroAddress()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
}
_setOwner(newOwner);
}
/// @dev Allows the owner to renounce their ownership.
function renounceOwnership() public payable virtual onlyOwner {
_setOwner(address(0));
}
/// @dev Request a two-step ownership handover to the caller.
/// The request will automatically expire in 48 hours (172800 seconds) by default.
function requestOwnershipHandover() public payable virtual {
unchecked {
uint256 expires = block.timestamp + _ownershipHandoverValidFor();
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// Compute and set the handover slot to `expires`.
mstore(0x0c, _HANDOVER_SLOT_SEED)
mstore(0x00, caller())
sstore(keccak256(0x0c, 0x20), expires)
// Emit the {OwnershipHandoverRequested} event.
log2(0, 0, _OWNERSHIP_HANDOVER_REQUESTED_EVENT_SIGNATURE, caller())
}
}
}
/// @dev Cancels the two-step ownership handover to the caller, if any.
function cancelOwnershipHandover() public payable virtual {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// Compute and set the handover slot to 0.
mstore(0x0c, _HANDOVER_SLOT_SEED)
mstore(0x00, caller())
sstore(keccak256(0x0c, 0x20), 0)
// Emit the {OwnershipHandoverCanceled} event.
log2(0, 0, _OWNERSHIP_HANDOVER_CANCELED_EVENT_SIGNATURE, caller())
}
}
/// @dev Allows the owner to complete the two-step ownership handover to `pendingOwner`.
/// Reverts if there is no existing ownership handover requested by `pendingOwner`.
function completeOwnershipHandover(address pendingOwner) public payable virtual onlyOwner {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// Compute and set the handover slot to 0.
mstore(0x0c, _HANDOVER_SLOT_SEED)
mstore(0x00, pendingOwner)
let handoverSlot := keccak256(0x0c, 0x20)
// If the handover does not exist, or has expired.
if gt(timestamp(), sload(handoverSlot)) {
mstore(0x00, 0x6f5e8818) // `NoHandoverRequest()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
// Set the handover slot to 0.
sstore(handoverSlot, 0)
}
_setOwner(pendingOwner);
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* PUBLIC READ FUNCTIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Returns the owner of the contract.
function owner() public view virtual returns (address result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := sload(_OWNER_SLOT)
}
}
/// @dev Returns the expiry timestamp for the two-step ownership handover to `pendingOwner`.
function ownershipHandoverExpiresAt(address pendingOwner)
public
view
virtual
returns (uint256 result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// Compute the handover slot.
mstore(0x0c, _HANDOVER_SLOT_SEED)
mstore(0x00, pendingOwner)
// Load the handover slot.
result := sload(keccak256(0x0c, 0x20))
}
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* MODIFIERS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Marks a function as only callable by the owner.
modifier onlyOwner() virtual {
_checkOwner();
_;
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
import {LibBytes} from "./LibBytes.sol";
/// @notice Library for converting numbers into strings and other string operations.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/LibString.sol)
/// @author Modified from Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/LibString.sol)
///
/// @dev Note:
/// For performance and bytecode compactness, most of the string operations are restricted to
/// byte strings (7-bit ASCII), except where otherwise specified.
/// Usage of byte string operations on charsets with runes spanning two or more bytes
/// can lead to undefined behavior.
library LibString {
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* STRUCTS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Goated string storage struct that totally MOGs, no cap, fr.
/// Uses less gas and bytecode than Solidity's native string storage. It's meta af.
/// Packs length with the first 31 bytes if <255 bytes, so it’s mad tight.
struct StringStorage {
bytes32 _spacer;
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* CUSTOM ERRORS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev The length of the output is too small to contain all the hex digits.
error HexLengthInsufficient();
/// @dev The length of the string is more than 32 bytes.
error TooBigForSmallString();
/// @dev The input string must be a 7-bit ASCII.
error StringNot7BitASCII();
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* CONSTANTS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev The constant returned when the `search` is not found in the string.
uint256 internal constant NOT_FOUND = type(uint256).max;
/// @dev Lookup for '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'.
uint128 internal constant ALPHANUMERIC_7_BIT_ASCII = 0x7fffffe07fffffe03ff000000000000;
/// @dev Lookup for 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'.
uint128 internal constant LETTERS_7_BIT_ASCII = 0x7fffffe07fffffe0000000000000000;
/// @dev Lookup for 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.
uint128 internal constant LOWERCASE_7_BIT_ASCII = 0x7fffffe000000000000000000000000;
/// @dev Lookup for 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'.
uint128 internal constant UPPERCASE_7_BIT_ASCII = 0x7fffffe0000000000000000;
/// @dev Lookup for '0123456789'.
uint128 internal constant DIGITS_7_BIT_ASCII = 0x3ff000000000000;
/// @dev Lookup for '0123456789abcdefABCDEF'.
uint128 internal constant HEXDIGITS_7_BIT_ASCII = 0x7e0000007e03ff000000000000;
/// @dev Lookup for '01234567'.
uint128 internal constant OCTDIGITS_7_BIT_ASCII = 0xff000000000000;
/// @dev Lookup for '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'.
uint128 internal constant PRINTABLE_7_BIT_ASCII = 0x7fffffffffffffffffffffff00003e00;
/// @dev Lookup for '!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'.
uint128 internal constant PUNCTUATION_7_BIT_ASCII = 0x78000001f8000001fc00fffe00000000;
/// @dev Lookup for ' \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'.
uint128 internal constant WHITESPACE_7_BIT_ASCII = 0x100003e00;
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* STRING STORAGE OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Sets the value of the string storage `$` to `s`.
function set(StringStorage storage $, string memory s) internal {
LibBytes.set(bytesStorage($), bytes(s));
}
/// @dev Sets the value of the string storage `$` to `s`.
function setCalldata(StringStorage storage $, string calldata s) internal {
LibBytes.setCalldata(bytesStorage($), bytes(s));
}
/// @dev Sets the value of the string storage `$` to the empty string.
function clear(StringStorage storage $) internal {
delete $._spacer;
}
/// @dev Returns whether the value stored is `$` is the empty string "".
function isEmpty(StringStorage storage $) internal view returns (bool) {
return uint256($._spacer) & 0xff == uint256(0);
}
/// @dev Returns the length of the value stored in `$`.
function length(StringStorage storage $) internal view returns (uint256) {
return LibBytes.length(bytesStorage($));
}
/// @dev Returns the value stored in `$`.
function get(StringStorage storage $) internal view returns (string memory) {
return string(LibBytes.get(bytesStorage($)));
}
/// @dev Helper to cast `$` to a `BytesStorage`.
function bytesStorage(StringStorage storage $)
internal
pure
returns (LibBytes.BytesStorage storage casted)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
casted.slot := $.slot
}
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* DECIMAL OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Returns the base 10 decimal representation of `value`.
function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// The maximum value of a uint256 contains 78 digits (1 byte per digit), but
// we allocate 0xa0 bytes to keep the free memory pointer 32-byte word aligned.
// We will need 1 word for the trailing zeros padding, 1 word for the length,
// and 3 words for a maximum of 78 digits.
result := add(mload(0x40), 0x80)
mstore(0x40, add(result, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
mstore(result, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
let end := result // Cache the end of the memory to calculate the length later.
let w := not(0) // Tsk.
// We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
// The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
for { let temp := value } 1 {} {
result := add(result, w) // `sub(result, 1)`.
// Store the character to the pointer.
// The ASCII index of the '0' character is 48.
mstore8(result, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
temp := div(temp, 10) // Keep dividing `temp` until zero.
if iszero(temp) { break }
}
let n := sub(end, result)
result := sub(result, 0x20) // Move the pointer 32 bytes back to make room for the length.
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the base 10 decimal representation of `value`.
function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
if (value >= 0) return toString(uint256(value));
unchecked {
result = toString(~uint256(value) + 1);
}
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// We still have some spare memory space on the left,
// as we have allocated 3 words (96 bytes) for up to 78 digits.
let n := mload(result) // Load the string length.
mstore(result, 0x2d) // Store the '-' character.
result := sub(result, 1) // Move back the string pointer by a byte.
mstore(result, add(n, 1)) // Update the string length.
}
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* HEXADECIMAL OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`,
/// left-padded to an input length of `byteCount` bytes.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x" encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte,
/// giving a total length of `byteCount * 2 + 2` bytes.
/// Reverts if `byteCount` is too small for the output to contain all the digits.
function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 byteCount)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
result = toHexStringNoPrefix(value, byteCount);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := add(mload(result), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(result, 0x3078) // Store the "0x" prefix.
result := sub(result, 2) // Move the pointer.
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`,
/// left-padded to an input length of `byteCount` bytes.
/// The output is not prefixed with "0x" and is encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte,
/// giving a total length of `byteCount * 2` bytes.
/// Reverts if `byteCount` is too small for the output to contain all the digits.
function toHexStringNoPrefix(uint256 value, uint256 byteCount)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// We need 0x20 bytes for the trailing zeros padding, `byteCount * 2` bytes
// for the digits, 0x02 bytes for the prefix, and 0x20 bytes for the length.
// We add 0x20 to the total and round down to a multiple of 0x20.
// (0x20 + 0x20 + 0x02 + 0x20) = 0x62.
result := add(mload(0x40), and(add(shl(1, byteCount), 0x42), not(0x1f)))
mstore(0x40, add(result, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
mstore(result, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
let end := result // Cache the end to calculate the length later.
// Store "0123456789abcdef" in scratch space.
mstore(0x0f, 0x30313233343536373839616263646566)
let start := sub(result, add(byteCount, byteCount))
let w := not(1) // Tsk.
let temp := value
// We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
// The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
for {} 1 {} {
result := add(result, w) // `sub(result, 2)`.
mstore8(add(result, 1), mload(and(temp, 15)))
mstore8(result, mload(and(shr(4, temp), 15)))
temp := shr(8, temp)
if iszero(xor(result, start)) { break }
}
if temp {
mstore(0x00, 0x2194895a) // `HexLengthInsufficient()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
let n := sub(end, result)
result := sub(result, 0x20)
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x" and encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
/// As address are 20 bytes long, the output will left-padded to have
/// a length of `20 * 2 + 2` bytes.
function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = toHexStringNoPrefix(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := add(mload(result), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(result, 0x3078) // Store the "0x" prefix.
result := sub(result, 2) // Move the pointer.
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x".
/// The output excludes leading "0" from the `toHexString` output.
/// `0x00: "0x0", 0x01: "0x1", 0x12: "0x12", 0x123: "0x123"`.
function toMinimalHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = toHexStringNoPrefix(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let o := eq(byte(0, mload(add(result, 0x20))), 0x30) // Whether leading zero is present.
let n := add(mload(result), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(add(result, o), 0x3078) // Store the "0x" prefix, accounting for leading zero.
result := sub(add(result, o), 2) // Move the pointer, accounting for leading zero.
mstore(result, sub(n, o)) // Store the length, accounting for leading zero.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output excludes leading "0" from the `toHexStringNoPrefix` output.
/// `0x00: "0", 0x01: "1", 0x12: "12", 0x123: "123"`.
function toMinimalHexStringNoPrefix(uint256 value)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
result = toHexStringNoPrefix(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let o := eq(byte(0, mload(add(result, 0x20))), 0x30) // Whether leading zero is present.
let n := mload(result) // Get the length.
result := add(result, o) // Move the pointer, accounting for leading zero.
mstore(result, sub(n, o)) // Store the length, accounting for leading zero.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
/// As address are 20 bytes long, the output will left-padded to have
/// a length of `20 * 2` bytes.
function toHexStringNoPrefix(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// We need 0x20 bytes for the trailing zeros padding, 0x20 bytes for the length,
// 0x02 bytes for the prefix, and 0x40 bytes for the digits.
// The next multiple of 0x20 above (0x20 + 0x20 + 0x02 + 0x40) is 0xa0.
result := add(mload(0x40), 0x80)
mstore(0x40, add(result, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
mstore(result, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
let end := result // Cache the end to calculate the length later.
mstore(0x0f, 0x30313233343536373839616263646566) // Store the "0123456789abcdef" lookup.
let w := not(1) // Tsk.
// We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
// The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
for { let temp := value } 1 {} {
result := add(result, w) // `sub(result, 2)`.
mstore8(add(result, 1), mload(and(temp, 15)))
mstore8(result, mload(and(shr(4, temp), 15)))
temp := shr(8, temp)
if iszero(temp) { break }
}
let n := sub(end, result)
result := sub(result, 0x20)
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x", encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte,
/// and the alphabets are capitalized conditionally according to
/// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-55
function toHexStringChecksummed(address value) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = toHexString(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let mask := shl(6, div(not(0), 255)) // `0b010000000100000000 ...`
let o := add(result, 0x22)
let hashed := and(keccak256(o, 40), mul(34, mask)) // `0b10001000 ... `
let t := shl(240, 136) // `0b10001000 << 240`
for { let i := 0 } 1 {} {
mstore(add(i, i), mul(t, byte(i, hashed)))
i := add(i, 1)
if eq(i, 20) { break }
}
mstore(o, xor(mload(o), shr(1, and(mload(0x00), and(mload(o), mask)))))
o := add(o, 0x20)
mstore(o, xor(mload(o), shr(1, and(mload(0x20), and(mload(o), mask)))))
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x" and encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
function toHexString(address value) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = toHexStringNoPrefix(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := add(mload(result), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(result, 0x3078) // Store the "0x" prefix.
result := sub(result, 2) // Move the pointer.
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
function toHexStringNoPrefix(address value) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40)
// Allocate memory.
// We need 0x20 bytes for the trailing zeros padding, 0x20 bytes for the length,
// 0x02 bytes for the prefix, and 0x28 bytes for the digits.
// The next multiple of 0x20 above (0x20 + 0x20 + 0x02 + 0x28) is 0x80.
mstore(0x40, add(result, 0x80))
mstore(0x0f, 0x30313233343536373839616263646566) // Store the "0123456789abcdef" lookup.
result := add(result, 2)
mstore(result, 40) // Store the length.
let o := add(result, 0x20)
mstore(add(o, 40), 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
value := shl(96, value)
// We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
// The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
for { let i := 0 } 1 {} {
let p := add(o, add(i, i))
let temp := byte(i, value)
mstore8(add(p, 1), mload(and(temp, 15)))
mstore8(p, mload(shr(4, temp)))
i := add(i, 1)
if eq(i, 20) { break }
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hex encoded string from the raw bytes.
/// The output is encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
function toHexString(bytes memory raw) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = toHexStringNoPrefix(raw);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := add(mload(result), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(result, 0x3078) // Store the "0x" prefix.
result := sub(result, 2) // Move the pointer.
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hex encoded string from the raw bytes.
/// The output is encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
function toHexStringNoPrefix(bytes memory raw) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := mload(raw)
result := add(mload(0x40), 2) // Skip 2 bytes for the optional prefix.
mstore(result, add(n, n)) // Store the length of the output.
mstore(0x0f, 0x30313233343536373839616263646566) // Store the "0123456789abcdef" lookup.
let o := add(result, 0x20)
let end := add(raw, n)
for {} iszero(eq(raw, end)) {} {
raw := add(raw, 1)
mstore8(add(o, 1), mload(and(mload(raw), 15)))
mstore8(o, mload(and(shr(4, mload(raw)), 15)))
o := add(o, 2)
}
mstore(o, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
}
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* RUNE STRING OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Returns the number of UTF characters in the string.
function runeCount(string memory s) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
if mload(s) {
mstore(0x00, div(not(0), 255))
mstore(0x20, 0x0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020303030304040506)
let o := add(s, 0x20)
let end := add(o, mload(s))
for { result := 1 } 1 { result := add(result, 1) } {
o := add(o, byte(0, mload(shr(250, mload(o)))))
if iszero(lt(o, end)) { break }
}
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns if this string is a 7-bit ASCII string.
/// (i.e. all characters codes are in [0..127])
function is7BitASCII(string memory s) internal pure returns (bool result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := 1
let mask := shl(7, div(not(0), 255))
let n := mload(s)
if n {
let o := add(s, 0x20)
let end := add(o, n)
let last := mload(end)
mstore(end, 0)
for {} 1 {} {
if and(mask, mload(o)) {
result := 0
break
}
o := add(o, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(o, end)) { break }
}
mstore(end, last)
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns if this string is a 7-bit ASCII string,
/// AND all characters are in the `allowed` lookup.
/// Note: If `s` is empty, returns true regardless of `allowed`.
function is7BitASCII(string memory s, uint128 allowed) internal pure returns (bool result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := 1
if mload(s) {
let allowed_ := shr(128, shl(128, allowed))
let o := add(s, 0x20)
for { let end := add(o, mload(s)) } 1 {} {
result := and(result, shr(byte(0, mload(o)), allowed_))
o := add(o, 1)
if iszero(and(result, lt(o, end))) { break }
}
}
}
}
/// @dev Converts the bytes in the 7-bit ASCII string `s` to
/// an allowed lookup for use in `is7BitASCII(s, allowed)`.
/// To save runtime gas, you can cache the result in an immutable variable.
function to7BitASCIIAllowedLookup(string memory s) internal pure returns (uint128 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
if mload(s) {
let o := add(s, 0x20)
for { let end := add(o, mload(s)) } 1 {} {
result := or(result, shl(byte(0, mload(o)), 1))
o := add(o, 1)
if iszero(lt(o, end)) { break }
}
if shr(128, result) {
mstore(0x00, 0xc9807e0d) // `StringNot7BitASCII()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
}
}
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* BYTE STRING OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
// For performance and bytecode compactness, byte string operations are restricted
// to 7-bit ASCII strings. All offsets are byte offsets, not UTF character offsets.
// Usage of byte string operations on charsets with runes spanning two or more bytes
// can lead to undefined behavior.
/// @dev Returns `subject` all occurrences of `needle` replaced with `replacement`.
function replace(string memory subject, string memory needle, string memory replacement)
internal
pure
returns (string memory)
{
return string(LibBytes.replace(bytes(subject), bytes(needle), bytes(replacement)));
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `needle` in `subject`,
/// needleing from left to right, starting from `from`.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `needle` is not found.
function indexOf(string memory subject, string memory needle, uint256 from)
internal
pure
returns (uint256)
{
return LibBytes.indexOf(bytes(subject), bytes(needle), from);
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `needle` in `subject`,
/// needleing from left to right.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `needle` is not found.
function indexOf(string memory subject, string memory needle) internal pure returns (uint256) {
return LibBytes.indexOf(bytes(subject), bytes(needle), 0);
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `needle` in `subject`,
/// needleing from right to left, starting from `from`.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `needle` is not found.
function lastIndexOf(string memory subject, string memory needle, uint256 from)
internal
pure
returns (uint256)
{
return LibBytes.lastIndexOf(bytes(subject), bytes(needle), from);
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `needle` in `subject`,
/// needleing from right to left.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `needle` is not found.
function lastIndexOf(string memory subject, string memory needle)
internal
pure
returns (uint256)
{
return LibBytes.lastIndexOf(bytes(subject), bytes(needle), type(uint256).max);
}
/// @dev Returns true if `needle` is found in `subject`, false otherwise.
function contains(string memory subject, string memory needle) internal pure returns (bool) {
return LibBytes.contains(bytes(subject), bytes(needle));
}
/// @dev Returns whether `subject` starts with `needle`.
function startsWith(string memory subject, string memory needle) internal pure returns (bool) {
return LibBytes.startsWith(bytes(subject), bytes(needle));
}
/// @dev Returns whether `subject` ends with `needle`.
function endsWith(string memory subject, string memory needle) internal pure returns (bool) {
return LibBytes.endsWith(bytes(subject), bytes(needle));
}
/// @dev Returns `subject` repeated `times`.
function repeat(string memory subject, uint256 times) internal pure returns (string memory) {
return string(LibBytes.repeat(bytes(subject), times));
}
/// @dev Returns a copy of `subject` sliced from `start` to `end` (exclusive).
/// `start` and `end` are byte offsets.
function slice(string memory subject, uint256 start, uint256 end)
internal
pure
returns (string memory)
{
return string(LibBytes.slice(bytes(subject), start, end));
}
/// @dev Returns a copy of `subject` sliced from `start` to the end of the string.
/// `start` is a byte offset.
function slice(string memory subject, uint256 start) internal pure returns (string memory) {
return string(LibBytes.slice(bytes(subject), start, type(uint256).max));
}
/// @dev Returns all the indices of `needle` in `subject`.
/// The indices are byte offsets.
function indicesOf(string memory subject, string memory needle)
internal
pure
returns (uint256[] memory)
{
return LibBytes.indicesOf(bytes(subject), bytes(needle));
}
/// @dev Returns a arrays of strings based on the `delimiter` inside of the `subject` string.
function split(string memory subject, string memory delimiter)
internal
pure
returns (string[] memory result)
{
bytes[] memory a = LibBytes.split(bytes(subject), bytes(delimiter));
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := a
}
}
/// @dev Returns a concatenated string of `a` and `b`.
/// Cheaper than `string.concat()` and does not de-align the free memory pointer.
function concat(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (string memory) {
return string(LibBytes.concat(bytes(a), bytes(b)));
}
/// @dev Returns a copy of the string in either lowercase or UPPERCASE.
/// WARNING! This function is only compatible with 7-bit ASCII strings.
function toCase(string memory subject, bool toUpper)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := mload(subject)
if n {
result := mload(0x40)
let o := add(result, 0x20)
let d := sub(subject, result)
let flags := shl(add(70, shl(5, toUpper)), 0x3ffffff)
for { let end := add(o, n) } 1 {} {
let b := byte(0, mload(add(d, o)))
mstore8(o, xor(and(shr(b, flags), 0x20), b))
o := add(o, 1)
if eq(o, end) { break }
}
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
mstore(o, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a string from a small bytes32 string.
/// `s` must be null-terminated, or behavior will be undefined.
function fromSmallString(bytes32 s) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40)
let n := 0
for {} byte(n, s) { n := add(n, 1) } {} // Scan for '\0'.
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
let o := add(result, 0x20)
mstore(o, s) // Store the bytes of the string.
mstore(add(o, n), 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(0x40, add(result, 0x40)) // Allocate memory.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the small string, with all bytes after the first null byte zeroized.
function normalizeSmallString(bytes32 s) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
for {} byte(result, s) { result := add(result, 1) } {} // Scan for '\0'.
mstore(0x00, s)
mstore(result, 0x00)
result := mload(0x00)
}
}
/// @dev Returns the string as a normalized null-terminated small string.
function toSmallString(string memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(s)
if iszero(lt(result, 33)) {
mstore(0x00, 0xec92f9a3) // `TooBigForSmallString()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
result := shl(shl(3, sub(32, result)), mload(add(s, result)))
}
}
/// @dev Returns a lowercased copy of the string.
/// WARNING! This function is only compatible with 7-bit ASCII strings.
function lower(string memory subject) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = toCase(subject, false);
}
/// @dev Returns an UPPERCASED copy of the string.
/// WARNING! This function is only compatible with 7-bit ASCII strings.
function upper(string memory subject) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = toCase(subject, true);
}
/// @dev Escapes the string to be used within HTML tags.
function escapeHTML(string memory s) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40)
let end := add(s, mload(s))
let o := add(result, 0x20)
// Store the bytes of the packed offsets and strides into the scratch space.
// `packed = (stride << 5) | offset`. Max offset is 20. Max stride is 6.
mstore(0x1f, 0x900094)
mstore(0x08, 0xc0000000a6ab)
// Store ""&'<>" into the scratch space.
mstore(0x00, shl(64, 0x2671756f743b26616d703b262333393b266c743b2667743b))
for {} iszero(eq(s, end)) {} {
s := add(s, 1)
let c := and(mload(s), 0xff)
// Not in `["\"","'","&","<",">"]`.
if iszero(and(shl(c, 1), 0x500000c400000000)) {
mstore8(o, c)
o := add(o, 1)
continue
}
let t := shr(248, mload(c))
mstore(o, mload(and(t, 0x1f)))
o := add(o, shr(5, t))
}
mstore(o, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(result, sub(o, add(result, 0x20))) // Store the length.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
}
}
/// @dev Escapes the string to be used within double-quotes in a JSON.
/// If `addDoubleQuotes` is true, the result will be enclosed in double-quotes.
function escapeJSON(string memory s, bool addDoubleQuotes)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40)
let o := add(result, 0x20)
if addDoubleQuotes {
mstore8(o, 34)
o := add(1, o)
}
// Store "\\u0000" in scratch space.
// Store "0123456789abcdef" in scratch space.
// Also, store `{0x08:"b", 0x09:"t", 0x0a:"n", 0x0c:"f", 0x0d:"r"}`.
// into the scratch space.
mstore(0x15, 0x5c75303030303031323334353637383961626364656662746e006672)
// Bitmask for detecting `["\"","\\"]`.
let e := or(shl(0x22, 1), shl(0x5c, 1))
for { let end := add(s, mload(s)) } iszero(eq(s, end)) {} {
s := add(s, 1)
let c := and(mload(s), 0xff)
if iszero(lt(c, 0x20)) {
if iszero(and(shl(c, 1), e)) {
// Not in `["\"","\\"]`.
mstore8(o, c)
o := add(o, 1)
continue
}
mstore8(o, 0x5c) // "\\".
mstore8(add(o, 1), c)
o := add(o, 2)
continue
}
if iszero(and(shl(c, 1), 0x3700)) {
// Not in `["\b","\t","\n","\f","\d"]`.
mstore8(0x1d, mload(shr(4, c))) // Hex value.
mstore8(0x1e, mload(and(c, 15))) // Hex value.
mstore(o, mload(0x19)) // "\\u00XX".
o := add(o, 6)
continue
}
mstore8(o, 0x5c) // "\\".
mstore8(add(o, 1), mload(add(c, 8)))
o := add(o, 2)
}
if addDoubleQuotes {
mstore8(o, 34)
o := add(1, o)
}
mstore(o, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(result, sub(o, add(result, 0x20))) // Store the length.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
}
}
/// @dev Escapes the string to be used within double-quotes in a JSON.
function escapeJSON(string memory s) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = escapeJSON(s, false);
}
/// @dev Encodes `s` so that it can be safely used in a URI,
/// just like `encodeURIComponent` in JavaScript.
/// See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent
/// See: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396
/// See: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986
function encodeURIComponent(string memory s) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40)
// Store "0123456789ABCDEF" in scratch space.
// Uppercased to be consistent with JavaScript's implementation.
mstore(0x0f, 0x30313233343536373839414243444546)
let o := add(result, 0x20)
for { let end := add(s, mload(s)) } iszero(eq(s, end)) {} {
s := add(s, 1)
let c := and(mload(s), 0xff)
// If not in `[0-9A-Z-a-z-_.!~*'()]`.
if iszero(and(1, shr(c, 0x47fffffe87fffffe03ff678200000000))) {
mstore8(o, 0x25) // '%'.
mstore8(add(o, 1), mload(and(shr(4, c), 15)))
mstore8(add(o, 2), mload(and(c, 15)))
o := add(o, 3)
continue
}
mstore8(o, c)
o := add(o, 1)
}
mstore(result, sub(o, add(result, 0x20))) // Store the length.
mstore(o, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
}
}
/// @dev Returns whether `a` equals `b`.
function eq(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := eq(keccak256(add(a, 0x20), mload(a)), keccak256(add(b, 0x20), mload(b)))
}
}
/// @dev Returns whether `a` equals `b`, where `b` is a null-terminated small string.
function eqs(string memory a, bytes32 b) internal pure returns (bool result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// These should be evaluated on compile time, as far as possible.
let m := not(shl(7, div(not(iszero(b)), 255))) // `0x7f7f ...`.
let x := not(or(m, or(b, add(m, and(b, m)))))
let r := shl(7, iszero(iszero(shr(128, x))))
r := or(r, shl(6, iszero(iszero(shr(64, shr(r, x))))))
r := or(r, shl(5, lt(0xffffffff, shr(r, x))))
r := or(r, shl(4, lt(0xffff, shr(r, x))))
r := or(r, shl(3, lt(0xff, shr(r, x))))
// forgefmt: disable-next-item
result := gt(eq(mload(a), add(iszero(x), xor(31, shr(3, r)))),
xor(shr(add(8, r), b), shr(add(8, r), mload(add(a, 0x20)))))
}
}
/// @dev Packs a single string with its length into a single word.
/// Returns `bytes32(0)` if the length is zero or greater than 31.
function packOne(string memory a) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// We don't need to zero right pad the string,
// since this is our own custom non-standard packing scheme.
result :=
mul(
// Load the length and the bytes.
mload(add(a, 0x1f)),
// `length != 0 && length < 32`. Abuses underflow.
// Assumes that the length is valid and within the block gas limit.
lt(sub(mload(a), 1), 0x1f)
)
}
}
/// @dev Unpacks a string packed using {packOne}.
/// Returns the empty string if `packed` is `bytes32(0)`.
/// If `packed` is not an output of {packOne}, the output behavior is undefined.
function unpackOne(bytes32 packed) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40) // Grab the free memory pointer.
mstore(0x40, add(result, 0x40)) // Allocate 2 words (1 for the length, 1 for the bytes).
mstore(result, 0) // Zeroize the length slot.
mstore(add(result, 0x1f), packed) // Store the length and bytes.
mstore(add(add(result, 0x20), mload(result)), 0) // Right pad with zeroes.
}
}
/// @dev Packs two strings with their lengths into a single word.
/// Returns `bytes32(0)` if combined length is zero or greater than 30.
function packTwo(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let aLen := mload(a)
// We don't need to zero right pad the strings,
// since this is our own custom non-standard packing scheme.
result :=
mul(
or( // Load the length and the bytes of `a` and `b`.
shl(shl(3, sub(0x1f, aLen)), mload(add(a, aLen))), mload(sub(add(b, 0x1e), aLen))),
// `totalLen != 0 && totalLen < 31`. Abuses underflow.
// Assumes that the lengths are valid and within the block gas limit.
lt(sub(add(aLen, mload(b)), 1), 0x1e)
)
}
}
/// @dev Unpacks strings packed using {packTwo}.
/// Returns the empty strings if `packed` is `bytes32(0)`.
/// If `packed` is not an output of {packTwo}, the output behavior is undefined.
function unpackTwo(bytes32 packed)
internal
pure
returns (string memory resultA, string memory resultB)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
resultA := mload(0x40) // Grab the free memory pointer.
resultB := add(resultA, 0x40)
// Allocate 2 words for each string (1 for the length, 1 for the byte). Total 4 words.
mstore(0x40, add(resultB, 0x40))
// Zeroize the length slots.
mstore(resultA, 0)
mstore(resultB, 0)
// Store the lengths and bytes.
mstore(add(resultA, 0x1f), packed)
mstore(add(resultB, 0x1f), mload(add(add(resultA, 0x20), mload(resultA))))
// Right pad with zeroes.
mstore(add(add(resultA, 0x20), mload(resultA)), 0)
mstore(add(add(resultB, 0x20), mload(resultB)), 0)
}
}
/// @dev Directly returns `a` without copying.
function directReturn(string memory a) internal pure {
assembly {
// Assumes that the string does not start from the scratch space.
let retStart := sub(a, 0x20)
let retUnpaddedSize := add(mload(a), 0x40)
// Right pad with zeroes. Just in case the string is produced
// by a method that doesn't zero right pad.
mstore(add(retStart, retUnpaddedSize), 0)
mstore(retStart, 0x20) // Store the return offset.
// End the transaction, returning the string.
return(retStart, and(not(0x1f), add(0x1f, retUnpaddedSize)))
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
/// @notice Reentrancy guard mixin.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol)
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* CUSTOM ERRORS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Unauthorized reentrant call.
error Reentrancy();
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* STORAGE */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Equivalent to: `uint72(bytes9(keccak256("_REENTRANCY_GUARD_SLOT")))`.
/// 9 bytes is large enough to avoid collisions with lower slots,
/// but not too large to result in excessive bytecode bloat.
uint256 private constant _REENTRANCY_GUARD_SLOT = 0x929eee149b4bd21268;
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* REENTRANCY GUARD */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Guards a function from reentrancy.
modifier nonReentrant() virtual {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
if eq(sload(_REENTRANCY_GUARD_SLOT), address()) {
mstore(0x00, 0xab143c06) // `Reentrancy()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
sstore(_REENTRANCY_GUARD_SLOT, address())
}
_;
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
sstore(_REENTRANCY_GUARD_SLOT, codesize())
}
}
/// @dev Guards a view function from read-only reentrancy.
modifier nonReadReentrant() virtual {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
if eq(sload(_REENTRANCY_GUARD_SLOT), address()) {
mstore(0x00, 0xab143c06) // `Reentrancy()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
}
_;
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.27;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
interface IPixelCanvas is IERC721 {
function indexer() external view returns (address);
function mint(address to) external;
function nextTokenId() external view returns (uint256);
function painter() external view returns (address);
function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
function setIndexer(address _indexer) external;
function setPainter(address _painter) external;
function setTokenURI(uint256 tokenId, string calldata uri) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.27;
import "./IPixelCanvas.sol";
import "./IWETH9.sol";
interface IPixelPainter {
// Events
event ArmorPurchased(address user, address indexed recipient, uint256 units, uint256 price);
event ArmorUsed(address user, uint256 pixelData);
event AuctionDurationUpdated(uint256 newDuration);
event AuctionEndPriceUpdated(uint256 newPrice);
event AuctionStartPriceUpdated(uint256 newPrice);
event BaseArmorPriceUpdated(uint256 newPrice);
event BaseBoostPriceUpdated(uint256 newPrice);
event BoostCooldownWindowUpdated(uint256 newWindow);
event BoostDurationUpdated(uint256 newDuration);
event BoostPriceMultiplierUpdated(uint256 newMultiplier);
event BoostPurchased(address user, uint256 price, uint256 expiry);
event BoostedMaxPixelsPerTxUpdated(uint256 newMax);
event BoostedPaintCooldownUpdated(uint256 newCooldown);
event CanvasReset();
event CanvasSizeUpdated(uint256 newSize);
event CanvasUpdated(address canvas);
event FeeRecipientUpdated(address feeRecipient);
event MintCanvas(uint256 tokenId, address to, uint256 price);
event MintingEnabled();
event MintThresholdUpdated(uint256 newThreshold);
event NFTHolderCooldownUpdated(uint256 newCooldown);
event NFTHolderPaintCapUpdated(uint256 newCap);
event PainterShareUpdated(uint256 newShare);
event PixelPainted(address painter, uint256 pixelData);
event StandardMaxPixelsPerTxUpdated(uint256 newMax);
event StandardPaintCooldownUpdated(uint256 newCooldown);
// Errors
error ArrayLengthMismatch();
error CooldownNotExpired();
error EmptyPixelArray();
error IndexerNotAuthorized();
error InsufficientPayment();
error MintingNotEnabled();
error PixelOutOfBounds();
error ThresholdTooHigh();
error TooManyPixels();
error TransferFailed();
error URINotSet();
error URIQueryForNonexistentToken();
// Core
function canvas() external view returns (IPixelCanvas);
function canvasSize() external view returns (uint256);
function currentGeneration() external view returns (uint256);
function feeRecipient() external view returns (address);
function wape() external view returns (IWETH9);
function withdraw() external;
// Minting
function mint() external payable;
function auctionDuration() external view returns (uint256);
function auctionEndPrice() external view returns (uint256);
function auctionStartPrice() external view returns (uint256);
function auctionStartTime() external view returns (uint256);
function getMintPrice() external view returns (uint256);
function mintingEnabled() external view returns (bool);
function mintThreshold() external view returns (uint256);
// Banana Booster
function baseBoostPrice() external view returns (uint256);
function boostCooldownWindow() external view returns (uint256);
function boostDuration() external view returns (uint256);
function boostExpiryTime(address user) external view returns (uint256);
function boostPriceMultiplier() external view returns (uint256);
function boostedMaxPixelsPerTx() external view returns (uint256);
function boostedPaintCooldown() external view returns (uint256);
function hasActiveBoost(address user) external view returns (bool);
function lastBoostPrice() external view returns (uint256);
function lastBoostTime() external view returns (uint256);
function purchaseBoost() external payable;
// Ape Armor
function baseArmorPrice() external view returns (uint256);
function armorUnits(address user) external view returns (uint256);
function totalActiveArmor() external view returns (uint256);
function getArmorPrice(uint256 units) external view returns (uint256);
function purchaseArmor(address recipient, uint256 units) external payable;
// Painters
function storedPixelData(uint256 pixelKey) external view returns (uint256);
function isUniquePainter(address painter) external view returns (bool);
function lastPaintTime(address user) external view returns (uint256);
function pixelCounts(address painter) external view returns (uint256);
function painterShare() external view returns (uint256);
function uniquePixelsPainted() external view returns (uint256);
function uniquePainters(uint256 index) external view returns (address);
// Painting
function paint(uint256[] calldata pixels, uint256 pixelCount) external;
function getCooldown(address user) external view returns (uint256);
function getUserPaintLimits(address user) external view returns (uint256 maxPixels, uint256 cooldown);
function nftHolderCooldown() external view returns (uint256);
function nftHolderPaintCap() external view returns (uint256);
function standardMaxPixelsPerTx() external view returns (uint256);
function standardPaintCooldown() external view returns (uint256);
// Admin Functions
function setAuctionDuration(uint256 _newDuration) external;
function setAuctionEndPrice(uint256 _newPrice) external;
function setAuctionStartPrice(uint256 _newPrice) external;
function setBaseArmorPrice(uint256 _newPrice) external;
function setBaseBoostPrice(uint256 _newPrice) external;
function setBoostCooldownWindow(uint256 _newWindow) external;
function setBoostDuration(uint256 _newDuration) external;
function setBoostPriceMultiplier(uint256 _newMultiplier) external;
function setBoostedMaxPixelsPerTx(uint256 _newMax) external;
function setBoostedPaintCooldown(uint256 _newCooldown) external;
function setCanvas(address _canvas) external;
function setCanvasSize(uint256 _newSize) external;
function setFeeRecipient(address _feeRecipient) external;
function setMintThreshold(uint256 _newThreshold) external;
function setNFTHolderCooldown(uint256 _newCooldown) external;
function setNFTHolderPaintCap(uint256 _newCap) external;
function setPainterShare(uint256 _newShare) external;
function setStandardMaxPixelsPerTx(uint256 _newMax) external;
function setStandardPaintCooldown(uint256 _newCooldown) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.27;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
interface IWETH9 is IERC20 {
function deposit() external payable;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC165} from "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
/**
* @dev Required interface of an ERC-721 compliant contract.
*/
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
/**
* @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
*/
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);
/**
* @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
*/
event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);
/**
* @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
*/
event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);
/**
* @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
*/
function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);
/**
* @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*/
function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);
/**
* @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon
* a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;
/**
* @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
* are aware of the ERC-721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or
* {setApprovalForAll}.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon
* a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
/**
* @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
*
* WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC-721
* or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
* understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
/**
* @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
* The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
*
* Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*
* Emits an {Approval} event.
*/
function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
/**
* @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
* Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - The `operator` cannot be the address zero.
*
* Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
*/
function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;
/**
* @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*/
function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);
/**
* @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
*
* See {setApprovalForAll}
*/
function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC721} from "../IERC721.sol";
/**
* @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
* @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
*/
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
/**
* @dev Returns the token collection name.
*/
function name() external view returns (string memory);
/**
* @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
*/
function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
/**
* @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
*/
function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC721/utils/ERC721Utils.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC721Receiver} from "../IERC721Receiver.sol";
import {IERC721Errors} from "../../../interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";
/**
* @dev Library that provide common ERC-721 utility functions.
*
* See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC-721].
*
* _Available since v5.1._
*/
library ERC721Utils {
/**
* @dev Performs an acceptance check for the provided `operator` by calling {IERC721-onERC721Received}
* on the `to` address. The `operator` is generally the address that initiated the token transfer (i.e. `msg.sender`).
*
* The acceptance call is not executed and treated as a no-op if the target address doesn't contain code (i.e. an EOA).
* Otherwise, the recipient must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} and return the acceptance magic value to accept
* the transfer.
*/
function checkOnERC721Received(
address operator,
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes memory data
) internal {
if (to.code.length > 0) {
try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(operator, from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
if (retval != IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector) {
// Token rejected
revert IERC721Errors.ERC721InvalidReceiver(to);
}
} catch (bytes memory reason) {
if (reason.length == 0) {
// non-IERC721Receiver implementer
revert IERC721Errors.ERC721InvalidReceiver(to);
} else {
assembly ("memory-safe") {
revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
}
}
}
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
* @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
* sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
* via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
* manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
* paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
* is concerned).
*
* This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
*/
abstract contract Context {
function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
return msg.sender;
}
function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
return msg.data;
}
function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
return 0;
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/Strings.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Math} from "./math/Math.sol";
import {SignedMath} from "./math/SignedMath.sol";
/**
* @dev String operations.
*/
library Strings {
bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;
/**
* @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
*/
error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);
/**
* @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
*/
function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
unchecked {
uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
string memory buffer = new string(length);
uint256 ptr;
assembly ("memory-safe") {
ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
}
while (true) {
ptr--;
assembly ("memory-safe") {
mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
}
value /= 10;
if (value == 0) break;
}
return buffer;
}
}
/**
* @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
*/
function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
}
/**
* @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
*/
function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
unchecked {
return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
}
}
/**
* @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
*/
function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
uint256 localValue = value;
bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
buffer[0] = "0";
buffer[1] = "x";
for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
localValue >>= 4;
}
if (localValue != 0) {
revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
}
return string(buffer);
}
/**
* @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
* representation.
*/
function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
}
/**
* @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
* representation, according to EIP-55.
*/
function toChecksumHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
bytes memory buffer = bytes(toHexString(addr));
// hash the hex part of buffer (skip length + 2 bytes, length 40)
uint256 hashValue;
assembly ("memory-safe") {
hashValue := shr(96, keccak256(add(buffer, 0x22), 40))
}
for (uint256 i = 41; i > 1; --i) {
// possible values for buffer[i] are 48 (0) to 57 (9) and 97 (a) to 102 (f)
if (hashValue & 0xf > 7 && uint8(buffer[i]) > 96) {
// case shift by xoring with 0x20
buffer[i] ^= 0x20;
}
hashValue >>= 4;
}
return string(buffer);
}
/**
* @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
*/
function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {IERC165} from "./IERC165.sol";
/**
* @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
*
* Contracts that want to implement ERC-165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
* for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
*
* ```solidity
* function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
* return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
* }
* ```
*/
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
/**
* @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
*/
function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual returns (bool) {
return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
* @dev Standard ERC-20 Errors
* Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-20 tokens.
*/
interface IERC20Errors {
/**
* @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
* @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
* @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
* @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
*/
error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
* @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
*/
error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
* @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
*/
error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
* @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
* @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
* @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
*/
error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
* @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
*/
error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
* @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
*/
error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
}
/**
* @dev Standard ERC-721 Errors
* Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-721 tokens.
*/
interface IERC721Errors {
/**
* @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in ERC-20.
* Used in balance queries.
* @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
*/
error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);
/**
* @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
* @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
*/
error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);
/**
* @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
* @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
* @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
* @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
*/
error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
* @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
*/
error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
* @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
*/
error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
* @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
* @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
*/
error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
* @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
*/
error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
* @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
*/
error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
}
/**
* @dev Standard ERC-1155 Errors
* Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-1155 tokens.
*/
interface IERC1155Errors {
/**
* @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
* @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
* @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
* @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
* @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
*/
error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
* @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
*/
error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
* @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
*/
error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
* @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
* @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
*/
error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
* @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
*/
error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);
/**
* @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
* @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
*/
error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);
/**
* @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
* Used in batch transfers.
* @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
* @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
*/
error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/Panic.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
* @dev Helper library for emitting standardized panic codes.
*
* ```solidity
* contract Example {
* using Panic for uint256;
*
* // Use any of the declared internal constants
* function foo() { Panic.GENERIC.panic(); }
*
* // Alternatively
* function foo() { Panic.panic(Panic.GENERIC); }
* }
* ```
*
* Follows the list from https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/blob/v0.8.24/libsolutil/ErrorCodes.h[libsolutil].
*
* _Available since v5.1._
*/
// slither-disable-next-line unused-state
library Panic {
/// @dev generic / unspecified error
uint256 internal constant GENERIC = 0x00;
/// @dev used by the assert() builtin
uint256 internal constant ASSERT = 0x01;
/// @dev arithmetic underflow or overflow
uint256 internal constant UNDER_OVERFLOW = 0x11;
/// @dev division or modulo by zero
uint256 internal constant DIVISION_BY_ZERO = 0x12;
/// @dev enum conversion error
uint256 internal constant ENUM_CONVERSION_ERROR = 0x21;
/// @dev invalid encoding in storage
uint256 internal constant STORAGE_ENCODING_ERROR = 0x22;
/// @dev empty array pop
uint256 internal constant EMPTY_ARRAY_POP = 0x31;
/// @dev array out of bounds access
uint256 internal constant ARRAY_OUT_OF_BOUNDS = 0x32;
/// @dev resource error (too large allocation or too large array)
uint256 internal constant RESOURCE_ERROR = 0x41;
/// @dev calling invalid internal function
uint256 internal constant INVALID_INTERNAL_FUNCTION = 0x51;
/// @dev Reverts with a panic code. Recommended to use with
/// the internal constants with predefined codes.
function panic(uint256 code) internal pure {
assembly ("memory-safe") {
mstore(0x00, 0x4e487b71)
mstore(0x20, code)
revert(0x1c, 0x24)
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
* @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX/bool casting operators with added overflow
* checks.
*
* Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
* easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
* assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
* reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
*
* Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
* class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
*/
library SafeCast {
/**
* @dev Value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
*/
error SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(uint8 bits, uint256 value);
/**
* @dev An int value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
*/
error SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(int256 value);
/**
* @dev Value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
*/
error SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(uint8 bits, int256 value);
/**
* @dev An uint value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
*/
error SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(uint256 value);
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 248 bits
*/
function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
if (value > type(uint248).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(248, value);
}
return uint248(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 240 bits
*/
function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
if (value > type(uint240).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(240, value);
}
return uint240(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 232 bits
*/
function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
if (value > type(uint232).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(232, value);
}
return uint232(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 224 bits
*/
function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
if (value > type(uint224).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(224, value);
}
return uint224(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 216 bits
*/
function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
if (value > type(uint216).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(216, value);
}
return uint216(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 208 bits
*/
function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
if (value > type(uint208).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(208, value);
}
return uint208(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 200 bits
*/
function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
if (value > type(uint200).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(200, value);
}
return uint200(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 192 bits
*/
function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
if (value > type(uint192).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(192, value);
}
return uint192(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 184 bits
*/
function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
if (value > type(uint184).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(184, value);
}
return uint184(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 176 bits
*/
function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
if (value > type(uint176).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(176, value);
}
return uint176(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 168 bits
*/
function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
if (value > type(uint168).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(168, value);
}
return uint168(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 160 bits
*/
function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
if (value > type(uint160).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(160, value);
}
return uint160(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 152 bits
*/
function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
if (value > type(uint152).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(152, value);
}
return uint152(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 144 bits
*/
function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
if (value > type(uint144).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(144, value);
}
return uint144(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 136 bits
*/
function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
if (value > type(uint136).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(136, value);
}
return uint136(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 128 bits
*/
function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
if (value > type(uint128).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(128, value);
}
return uint128(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 120 bits
*/
function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
if (value > type(uint120).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(120, value);
}
return uint120(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 112 bits
*/
function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
if (value > type(uint112).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(112, value);
}
return uint112(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 104 bits
*/
function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
if (value > type(uint104).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(104, value);
}
return uint104(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 96 bits
*/
function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
if (value > type(uint96).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(96, value);
}
return uint96(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 88 bits
*/
function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
if (value > type(uint88).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(88, value);
}
return uint88(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 80 bits
*/
function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
if (value > type(uint80).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(80, value);
}
return uint80(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 72 bits
*/
function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
if (value > type(uint72).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(72, value);
}
return uint72(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 64 bits
*/
function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
if (value > type(uint64).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(64, value);
}
return uint64(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 56 bits
*/
function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
if (value > type(uint56).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(56, value);
}
return uint56(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 48 bits
*/
function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
if (value > type(uint48).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(48, value);
}
return uint48(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 40 bits
*/
function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
if (value > type(uint40).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(40, value);
}
return uint40(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 32 bits
*/
function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
if (value > type(uint32).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(32, value);
}
return uint32(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 24 bits
*/
function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
if (value > type(uint24).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(24, value);
}
return uint24(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 16 bits
*/
function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
if (value > type(uint16).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(16, value);
}
return uint16(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 8 bits
*/
function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
if (value > type(uint8).max) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(8, value);
}
return uint8(value);
}
/**
* @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
*/
function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
if (value < 0) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(value);
}
return uint256(value);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
* greater than largest int248).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 248 bits
*/
function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
downcasted = int248(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(248, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
* greater than largest int240).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 240 bits
*/
function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
downcasted = int240(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(240, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
* greater than largest int232).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 232 bits
*/
function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
downcasted = int232(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(232, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
* greater than largest int224).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 224 bits
*/
function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
downcasted = int224(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(224, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
* greater than largest int216).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 216 bits
*/
function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
downcasted = int216(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(216, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
* greater than largest int208).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 208 bits
*/
function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
downcasted = int208(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(208, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
* greater than largest int200).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 200 bits
*/
function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
downcasted = int200(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(200, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
* greater than largest int192).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 192 bits
*/
function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
downcasted = int192(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(192, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
* greater than largest int184).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 184 bits
*/
function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
downcasted = int184(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(184, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
* greater than largest int176).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 176 bits
*/
function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
downcasted = int176(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(176, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
* greater than largest int168).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 168 bits
*/
function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
downcasted = int168(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(168, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
* greater than largest int160).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 160 bits
*/
function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
downcasted = int160(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(160, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
* greater than largest int152).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 152 bits
*/
function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
downcasted = int152(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(152, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
* greater than largest int144).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 144 bits
*/
function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
downcasted = int144(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(144, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
* greater than largest int136).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 136 bits
*/
function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
downcasted = int136(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(136, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
* greater than largest int128).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 128 bits
*/
function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
downcasted = int128(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(128, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
* greater than largest int120).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 120 bits
*/
function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
downcasted = int120(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(120, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
* greater than largest int112).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 112 bits
*/
function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
downcasted = int112(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(112, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
* greater than largest int104).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 104 bits
*/
function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
downcasted = int104(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(104, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
* greater than largest int96).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 96 bits
*/
function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
downcasted = int96(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(96, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
* greater than largest int88).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 88 bits
*/
function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
downcasted = int88(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(88, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
* greater than largest int80).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 80 bits
*/
function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
downcasted = int80(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(80, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
* greater than largest int72).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 72 bits
*/
function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
downcasted = int72(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(72, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
* greater than largest int64).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 64 bits
*/
function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
downcasted = int64(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(64, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
* greater than largest int56).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 56 bits
*/
function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
downcasted = int56(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(56, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
* greater than largest int48).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 48 bits
*/
function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
downcasted = int48(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(48, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
* greater than largest int40).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 40 bits
*/
function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
downcasted = int40(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(40, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
* greater than largest int32).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 32 bits
*/
function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
downcasted = int32(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(32, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
* greater than largest int24).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 24 bits
*/
function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
downcasted = int24(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(24, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
* greater than largest int16).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 16 bits
*/
function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
downcasted = int16(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(16, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
* overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
* greater than largest int8).
*
* Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must fit into 8 bits
*/
function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
downcasted = int8(value);
if (downcasted != value) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(8, value);
}
}
/**
* @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
*/
function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
// Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
if (value > uint256(type(int256).max)) {
revert SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(value);
}
return int256(value);
}
/**
* @dev Cast a boolean (false or true) to a uint256 (0 or 1) with no jump.
*/
function toUint(bool b) internal pure returns (uint256 u) {
assembly ("memory-safe") {
u := iszero(iszero(b))
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
/// @notice Library for byte related operations.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/LibBytes.sol)
library LibBytes {
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* STRUCTS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Goated bytes storage struct that totally MOGs, no cap, fr.
/// Uses less gas and bytecode than Solidity's native bytes storage. It's meta af.
/// Packs length with the first 31 bytes if <255 bytes, so it’s mad tight.
struct BytesStorage {
bytes32 _spacer;
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* CONSTANTS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev The constant returned when the `search` is not found in the bytes.
uint256 internal constant NOT_FOUND = type(uint256).max;
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* BYTE STORAGE OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Sets the value of the bytes storage `$` to `s`.
function set(BytesStorage storage $, bytes memory s) internal {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := mload(s)
let packed := or(0xff, shl(8, n))
for { let i := 0 } 1 {} {
if iszero(gt(n, 0xfe)) {
i := 0x1f
packed := or(n, shl(8, mload(add(s, i))))
if iszero(gt(n, i)) { break }
}
let o := add(s, 0x20)
mstore(0x00, $.slot)
for { let p := keccak256(0x00, 0x20) } 1 {} {
sstore(add(p, shr(5, i)), mload(add(o, i)))
i := add(i, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(i, n)) { break }
}
break
}
sstore($.slot, packed)
}
}
/// @dev Sets the value of the bytes storage `$` to `s`.
function setCalldata(BytesStorage storage $, bytes calldata s) internal {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let packed := or(0xff, shl(8, s.length))
for { let i := 0 } 1 {} {
if iszero(gt(s.length, 0xfe)) {
i := 0x1f
packed := or(s.length, shl(8, shr(8, calldataload(s.offset))))
if iszero(gt(s.length, i)) { break }
}
mstore(0x00, $.slot)
for { let p := keccak256(0x00, 0x20) } 1 {} {
sstore(add(p, shr(5, i)), calldataload(add(s.offset, i)))
i := add(i, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(i, s.length)) { break }
}
break
}
sstore($.slot, packed)
}
}
/// @dev Sets the value of the bytes storage `$` to the empty bytes.
function clear(BytesStorage storage $) internal {
delete $._spacer;
}
/// @dev Returns whether the value stored is `$` is the empty bytes "".
function isEmpty(BytesStorage storage $) internal view returns (bool) {
return uint256($._spacer) & 0xff == uint256(0);
}
/// @dev Returns the length of the value stored in `$`.
function length(BytesStorage storage $) internal view returns (uint256 result) {
result = uint256($._spacer);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := and(0xff, result)
result := or(mul(shr(8, result), eq(0xff, n)), mul(n, iszero(eq(0xff, n))))
}
}
/// @dev Returns the value stored in `$`.
function get(BytesStorage storage $) internal view returns (bytes memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40)
let o := add(result, 0x20)
let packed := sload($.slot)
let n := shr(8, packed)
for { let i := 0 } 1 {} {
if iszero(eq(and(packed, 0xff), 0xff)) {
mstore(o, packed)
n := and(0xff, packed)
i := 0x1f
if iszero(gt(n, i)) { break }
}
mstore(0x00, $.slot)
for { let p := keccak256(0x00, 0x20) } 1 {} {
mstore(add(o, i), sload(add(p, shr(5, i))))
i := add(i, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(i, n)) { break }
}
break
}
mstore(result, n) // Store the length of the memory.
mstore(add(o, n), 0) // Zeroize the slot after the bytes.
mstore(0x40, add(add(o, n), 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
}
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* BYTES OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Returns `subject` all occurrences of `needle` replaced with `replacement`.
function replace(bytes memory subject, bytes memory needle, bytes memory replacement)
internal
pure
returns (bytes memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40)
let needleLen := mload(needle)
let replacementLen := mload(replacement)
let d := sub(result, subject) // Memory difference.
let i := add(subject, 0x20) // Subject bytes pointer.
mstore(0x00, add(i, mload(subject))) // End of subject.
if iszero(gt(needleLen, mload(subject))) {
let subjectSearchEnd := add(sub(mload(0x00), needleLen), 1)
let h := 0 // The hash of `needle`.
if iszero(lt(needleLen, 0x20)) { h := keccak256(add(needle, 0x20), needleLen) }
let s := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
for { let m := shl(3, sub(0x20, and(needleLen, 0x1f))) } 1 {} {
let t := mload(i)
// Whether the first `needleLen % 32` bytes of `subject` and `needle` matches.
if iszero(shr(m, xor(t, s))) {
if h {
if iszero(eq(keccak256(i, needleLen), h)) {
mstore(add(i, d), t)
i := add(i, 1)
if iszero(lt(i, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
continue
}
}
// Copy the `replacement` one word at a time.
for { let j := 0 } 1 {} {
mstore(add(add(i, d), j), mload(add(add(replacement, 0x20), j)))
j := add(j, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(j, replacementLen)) { break }
}
d := sub(add(d, replacementLen), needleLen)
if needleLen {
i := add(i, needleLen)
if iszero(lt(i, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
continue
}
}
mstore(add(i, d), t)
i := add(i, 1)
if iszero(lt(i, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
}
}
let end := mload(0x00)
let n := add(sub(d, add(result, 0x20)), end)
// Copy the rest of the bytes one word at a time.
for {} lt(i, end) { i := add(i, 0x20) } { mstore(add(i, d), mload(i)) }
let o := add(i, d)
mstore(o, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the bytes.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `needle` in `subject`,
/// needleing from left to right, starting from `from`.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `needle` is not found.
function indexOf(bytes memory subject, bytes memory needle, uint256 from)
internal
pure
returns (uint256 result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := not(0) // Initialize to `NOT_FOUND`.
for { let subjectLen := mload(subject) } 1 {} {
if iszero(mload(needle)) {
result := from
if iszero(gt(from, subjectLen)) { break }
result := subjectLen
break
}
let needleLen := mload(needle)
let subjectStart := add(subject, 0x20)
subject := add(subjectStart, from)
let end := add(sub(add(subjectStart, subjectLen), needleLen), 1)
let m := shl(3, sub(0x20, and(needleLen, 0x1f)))
let s := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
if iszero(and(lt(subject, end), lt(from, subjectLen))) { break }
if iszero(lt(needleLen, 0x20)) {
for { let h := keccak256(add(needle, 0x20), needleLen) } 1 {} {
if iszero(shr(m, xor(mload(subject), s))) {
if eq(keccak256(subject, needleLen), h) {
result := sub(subject, subjectStart)
break
}
}
subject := add(subject, 1)
if iszero(lt(subject, end)) { break }
}
break
}
for {} 1 {} {
if iszero(shr(m, xor(mload(subject), s))) {
result := sub(subject, subjectStart)
break
}
subject := add(subject, 1)
if iszero(lt(subject, end)) { break }
}
break
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `needle` in `subject`,
/// needleing from left to right.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `needle` is not found.
function indexOf(bytes memory subject, bytes memory needle) internal pure returns (uint256) {
return indexOf(subject, needle, 0);
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `needle` in `subject`,
/// needleing from right to left, starting from `from`.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `needle` is not found.
function lastIndexOf(bytes memory subject, bytes memory needle, uint256 from)
internal
pure
returns (uint256 result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
for {} 1 {} {
result := not(0) // Initialize to `NOT_FOUND`.
let needleLen := mload(needle)
if gt(needleLen, mload(subject)) { break }
let w := result
let fromMax := sub(mload(subject), needleLen)
if iszero(gt(fromMax, from)) { from := fromMax }
let end := add(add(subject, 0x20), w)
subject := add(add(subject, 0x20), from)
if iszero(gt(subject, end)) { break }
// As this function is not too often used,
// we shall simply use keccak256 for smaller bytecode size.
for { let h := keccak256(add(needle, 0x20), needleLen) } 1 {} {
if eq(keccak256(subject, needleLen), h) {
result := sub(subject, add(end, 1))
break
}
subject := add(subject, w) // `sub(subject, 1)`.
if iszero(gt(subject, end)) { break }
}
break
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `needle` in `subject`,
/// needleing from right to left.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `needle` is not found.
function lastIndexOf(bytes memory subject, bytes memory needle)
internal
pure
returns (uint256)
{
return lastIndexOf(subject, needle, type(uint256).max);
}
/// @dev Returns true if `needle` is found in `subject`, false otherwise.
function contains(bytes memory subject, bytes memory needle) internal pure returns (bool) {
return indexOf(subject, needle) != NOT_FOUND;
}
/// @dev Returns whether `subject` starts with `needle`.
function startsWith(bytes memory subject, bytes memory needle)
internal
pure
returns (bool result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := mload(needle)
// Just using keccak256 directly is actually cheaper.
let t := eq(keccak256(add(subject, 0x20), n), keccak256(add(needle, 0x20), n))
result := lt(gt(n, mload(subject)), t)
}
}
/// @dev Returns whether `subject` ends with `needle`.
function endsWith(bytes memory subject, bytes memory needle)
internal
pure
returns (bool result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let n := mload(needle)
let notInRange := gt(n, mload(subject))
// `subject + 0x20 + max(subject.length - needle.length, 0)`.
let t := add(add(subject, 0x20), mul(iszero(notInRange), sub(mload(subject), n)))
// Just using keccak256 directly is actually cheaper.
result := gt(eq(keccak256(t, n), keccak256(add(needle, 0x20), n)), notInRange)
}
}
/// @dev Returns `subject` repeated `times`.
function repeat(bytes memory subject, uint256 times)
internal
pure
returns (bytes memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let l := mload(subject) // Subject length.
if iszero(or(iszero(times), iszero(l))) {
result := mload(0x40)
subject := add(subject, 0x20)
let o := add(result, 0x20)
for {} 1 {} {
// Copy the `subject` one word at a time.
for { let j := 0 } 1 {} {
mstore(add(o, j), mload(add(subject, j)))
j := add(j, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(j, l)) { break }
}
o := add(o, l)
times := sub(times, 1)
if iszero(times) { break }
}
mstore(o, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the bytes.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
mstore(result, sub(o, add(result, 0x20))) // Store the length.
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a copy of `subject` sliced from `start` to `end` (exclusive).
/// `start` and `end` are byte offsets.
function slice(bytes memory subject, uint256 start, uint256 end)
internal
pure
returns (bytes memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let l := mload(subject) // Subject length.
if iszero(gt(l, end)) { end := l }
if iszero(gt(l, start)) { start := l }
if lt(start, end) {
result := mload(0x40)
let n := sub(end, start)
let i := add(subject, start)
let w := not(0x1f)
// Copy the `subject` one word at a time, backwards.
for { let j := and(add(n, 0x1f), w) } 1 {} {
mstore(add(result, j), mload(add(i, j)))
j := add(j, w) // `sub(j, 0x20)`.
if iszero(j) { break }
}
let o := add(add(result, 0x20), n)
mstore(o, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the bytes.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
mstore(result, n) // Store the length.
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a copy of `subject` sliced from `start` to the end of the bytes.
/// `start` is a byte offset.
function slice(bytes memory subject, uint256 start)
internal
pure
returns (bytes memory result)
{
result = slice(subject, start, type(uint256).max);
}
/// @dev Returns all the indices of `needle` in `subject`.
/// The indices are byte offsets.
function indicesOf(bytes memory subject, bytes memory needle)
internal
pure
returns (uint256[] memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let searchLen := mload(needle)
if iszero(gt(searchLen, mload(subject))) {
result := mload(0x40)
let i := add(subject, 0x20)
let o := add(result, 0x20)
let subjectSearchEnd := add(sub(add(i, mload(subject)), searchLen), 1)
let h := 0 // The hash of `needle`.
if iszero(lt(searchLen, 0x20)) { h := keccak256(add(needle, 0x20), searchLen) }
let s := mload(add(needle, 0x20))
for { let m := shl(3, sub(0x20, and(searchLen, 0x1f))) } 1 {} {
let t := mload(i)
// Whether the first `searchLen % 32` bytes of `subject` and `needle` matches.
if iszero(shr(m, xor(t, s))) {
if h {
if iszero(eq(keccak256(i, searchLen), h)) {
i := add(i, 1)
if iszero(lt(i, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
continue
}
}
mstore(o, sub(i, add(subject, 0x20))) // Append to `result`.
o := add(o, 0x20)
i := add(i, searchLen) // Advance `i` by `searchLen`.
if searchLen {
if iszero(lt(i, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
continue
}
}
i := add(i, 1)
if iszero(lt(i, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
}
mstore(result, shr(5, sub(o, add(result, 0x20)))) // Store the length of `result`.
// Allocate memory for result.
// We allocate one more word, so this array can be recycled for {split}.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20))
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a arrays of bytess based on the `delimiter` inside of the `subject` bytes.
function split(bytes memory subject, bytes memory delimiter)
internal
pure
returns (bytes[] memory result)
{
uint256[] memory indices = indicesOf(subject, delimiter);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let w := not(0x1f)
let indexPtr := add(indices, 0x20)
let indicesEnd := add(indexPtr, shl(5, add(mload(indices), 1)))
mstore(add(indicesEnd, w), mload(subject))
mstore(indices, add(mload(indices), 1))
for { let prevIndex := 0 } 1 {} {
let index := mload(indexPtr)
mstore(indexPtr, 0x60)
if iszero(eq(index, prevIndex)) {
let element := mload(0x40)
let l := sub(index, prevIndex)
mstore(element, l) // Store the length of the element.
// Copy the `subject` one word at a time, backwards.
for { let o := and(add(l, 0x1f), w) } 1 {} {
mstore(add(element, o), mload(add(add(subject, prevIndex), o)))
o := add(o, w) // `sub(o, 0x20)`.
if iszero(o) { break }
}
mstore(add(add(element, 0x20), l), 0) // Zeroize the slot after the bytes.
// Allocate memory for the length and the bytes, rounded up to a multiple of 32.
mstore(0x40, add(element, and(add(l, 0x3f), w)))
mstore(indexPtr, element) // Store the `element` into the array.
}
prevIndex := add(index, mload(delimiter))
indexPtr := add(indexPtr, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(indexPtr, indicesEnd)) { break }
}
result := indices
if iszero(mload(delimiter)) {
result := add(indices, 0x20)
mstore(result, sub(mload(indices), 2))
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a concatenated bytes of `a` and `b`.
/// Cheaper than `bytes.concat()` and does not de-align the free memory pointer.
function concat(bytes memory a, bytes memory b) internal pure returns (bytes memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40)
let w := not(0x1f)
let aLen := mload(a)
// Copy `a` one word at a time, backwards.
for { let o := and(add(aLen, 0x20), w) } 1 {} {
mstore(add(result, o), mload(add(a, o)))
o := add(o, w) // `sub(o, 0x20)`.
if iszero(o) { break }
}
let bLen := mload(b)
let output := add(result, aLen)
// Copy `b` one word at a time, backwards.
for { let o := and(add(bLen, 0x20), w) } 1 {} {
mstore(add(output, o), mload(add(b, o)))
o := add(o, w) // `sub(o, 0x20)`.
if iszero(o) { break }
}
let totalLen := add(aLen, bLen)
let last := add(add(result, 0x20), totalLen)
mstore(last, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the bytes.
mstore(result, totalLen) // Store the length.
mstore(0x40, add(last, 0x20)) // Allocate memory.
}
}
/// @dev Returns whether `a` equals `b`.
function eq(bytes memory a, bytes memory b) internal pure returns (bool result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := eq(keccak256(add(a, 0x20), mload(a)), keccak256(add(b, 0x20), mload(b)))
}
}
/// @dev Returns whether `a` equals `b`, where `b` is a null-terminated small bytes.
function eqs(bytes memory a, bytes32 b) internal pure returns (bool result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// These should be evaluated on compile time, as far as possible.
let m := not(shl(7, div(not(iszero(b)), 255))) // `0x7f7f ...`.
let x := not(or(m, or(b, add(m, and(b, m)))))
let r := shl(7, iszero(iszero(shr(128, x))))
r := or(r, shl(6, iszero(iszero(shr(64, shr(r, x))))))
r := or(r, shl(5, lt(0xffffffff, shr(r, x))))
r := or(r, shl(4, lt(0xffff, shr(r, x))))
r := or(r, shl(3, lt(0xff, shr(r, x))))
// forgefmt: disable-next-item
result := gt(eq(mload(a), add(iszero(x), xor(31, shr(3, r)))),
xor(shr(add(8, r), b), shr(add(8, r), mload(add(a, 0x20)))))
}
}
/// @dev Directly returns `a` without copying.
function directReturn(bytes memory a) internal pure {
assembly {
// Assumes that the bytes does not start from the scratch space.
let retStart := sub(a, 0x20)
let retUnpaddedSize := add(mload(a), 0x40)
// Right pad with zeroes. Just in case the bytes is produced
// by a method that doesn't zero right pad.
mstore(add(retStart, retUnpaddedSize), 0)
mstore(retStart, 0x20) // Store the return offset.
// End the transaction, returning the bytes.
return(retStart, and(not(0x1f), add(0x1f, retUnpaddedSize)))
}
}
/// @dev Returns the word at `offset`, without any bounds checks.
/// To load an address, you can use `address(bytes20(load(a, offset)))`.
function load(bytes memory a, uint256 offset) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(add(add(a, 0x20), offset))
}
}
/// @dev Returns the word at `offset`, without any bounds checks.
/// To load an address, you can use `address(bytes20(loadCalldata(a, offset)))`.
function loadCalldata(bytes calldata a, uint256 offset)
internal
pure
returns (bytes32 result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := calldataload(add(a.offset, offset))
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
* @dev Interface of the ERC-20 standard as defined in the ERC.
*/
interface IERC20 {
/**
* @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
* another (`to`).
*
* Note that `value` may be zero.
*/
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
/**
* @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
* a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
*/
event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
/**
* @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
*/
function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
/**
* @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
*/
function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
/**
* @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
*
* Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
/**
* @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
* allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
* zero by default.
*
* This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
*/
function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
/**
* @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
* caller's tokens.
*
* Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
*
* IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
* that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
* transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
* condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
* desired value afterwards:
* https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
*
* Emits an {Approval} event.
*/
function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
/**
* @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
* allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
* allowance.
*
* Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
* @dev Interface of the ERC-165 standard, as defined in the
* https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[ERC].
*
* Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
* queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
*
* For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
*/
interface IERC165 {
/**
* @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
* `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
* https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[ERC section]
* to learn more about how these ids are created.
*
* This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
*/
function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
* @title ERC-721 token receiver interface
* @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
* from ERC-721 asset contracts.
*/
interface IERC721Receiver {
/**
* @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
* by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
*
* It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
* If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be
* reverted.
*
* The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
*/
function onERC721Received(
address operator,
address from,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes calldata data
) external returns (bytes4);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {SafeCast} from "./SafeCast.sol";
/**
* @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
*/
library SignedMath {
/**
* @dev Branchless ternary evaluation for `a ? b : c`. Gas costs are constant.
*
* IMPORTANT: This function may reduce bytecode size and consume less gas when used standalone.
* However, the compiler may optimize Solidity ternary operations (i.e. `a ? b : c`) to only compute
* one branch when needed, making this function more expensive.
*/
function ternary(bool condition, int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
unchecked {
// branchless ternary works because:
// b ^ (a ^ b) == a
// b ^ 0 == b
return b ^ ((a ^ b) * int256(SafeCast.toUint(condition)));
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
*/
function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
return ternary(a > b, a, b);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
*/
function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
return ternary(a < b, a, b);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
* The result is rounded towards zero.
*/
function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
// Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
}
/**
* @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
*/
function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
unchecked {
// Formula from the "Bit Twiddling Hacks" by Sean Eron Anderson.
// Since `n` is a signed integer, the generated bytecode will use the SAR opcode to perform the right shift,
// taking advantage of the most significant (or "sign" bit) in two's complement representation.
// This opcode adds new most significant bits set to the value of the previous most significant bit. As a result,
// the mask will either be `bytes32(0)` (if n is positive) or `~bytes32(0)` (if n is negative).
int256 mask = n >> 255;
// A `bytes32(0)` mask leaves the input unchanged, while a `~bytes32(0)` mask complements it.
return uint256((n + mask) ^ mask);
}
}
}