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Contract Diff Checker

Contract Name:
NFTCreatorV1

Contract Source Code:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.18;

import {UUPSUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";

import {ERC721CollectionProxy} from "./ERC721CollectionProxy.sol";
import {Version} from "./utils/Version.sol";
import {IERC721Collection} from "./interfaces/IERC721Collection.sol";
import {CollectionMetadataRenderer} from "./metadata/CollectionMetadataRenderer.sol";
import {EditionMetadataRenderer} from "./metadata/EditionMetadataRenderer.sol";
import {IMetadataRenderer} from "./interfaces/IMetadataRenderer.sol";
import {ERC721Collection} from "./ERC721Collection.sol";
import {Ownable2StepUpgradeable} from "./utils/ownable/Ownable2StepUpgradeable.sol";

/// @notice Freee NFT Creator V1
contract NFTCreatorV1 is Ownable2StepUpgradeable, UUPSUpgradeable, Version {
    string private constant CANNOT_BE_ZERO = "Cannot be 0 address";

    error Create_InvalidParam();
    /// @notice Emitted when a collection is created
    event CreatedCollection(address indexed creator, address indexed contractAddress, uint256 collectionSize);

    /// @notice Address for implementation of ERC721Collection to clone
    address public immutable implementation;

    /// @notice Collection metdata renderer
    CollectionMetadataRenderer public immutable collectionMetadataRenderer;

    /// @notice Edition metadata renderer
    EditionMetadataRenderer public immutable editionMetadataRenderer;

    /// @notice Initializes factory with address of implementation logic
    /// @param _implementation ERC721Collection logic implementation contract to clone
    /// @param _collectionMetadataRenderer Metadata renderer for collection
    constructor(
        address _implementation, 
        CollectionMetadataRenderer _collectionMetadataRenderer,
        EditionMetadataRenderer _editionMetadataRenderer
    ) initializer {
        require(_implementation != address(0), CANNOT_BE_ZERO);
        require(address(_collectionMetadataRenderer) != address(0), CANNOT_BE_ZERO);
        require(address(_editionMetadataRenderer) != address(0), CANNOT_BE_ZERO);

        implementation = _implementation;
        collectionMetadataRenderer = _collectionMetadataRenderer;
        editionMetadataRenderer = _editionMetadataRenderer;
    }

    /// @dev Initializes the proxy contract
    function initialize(address _initialOwner) external initializer {
        __Ownable_init(_initialOwner);
        __UUPSUpgradeable_init();
    }

    /// @dev Function to determine who is allowed to upgrade this contract.
    /// @param _newImplementation: unused in access check
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address _newImplementation) internal override onlyOwner {}

    /// @dev Setup contract for a collection
    /// @param name Name for new contract (cannot be changed)
    /// @param symbol Symbol for new contract (cannot be changed)
    /// @param defaultAdmin Default admin address
    /// @param collectionSize Max supply of collection (cannot be changed)
    /// @param royaltyBPS BPS for on-chain royalties (cannot be changed)
    /// @param fundsRecipient recipient for sale funds and, unless overridden, royalties
    /// @param publicSaleConfig public sale configuration
    /// @param presaleStages all presale stages configuration
    /// @param tradingLocked whether to lock trading before mint out
    /// @param revealed whether to use pre-reveal mode
    /// @param metadataURIBase collection metadata URI
    /// @param metadataContractURI collection asset base URI
    /// @param dynamicTokenDesc description for pre reveal metadata setup
    /// @param dynamicTokenImageURI imageURI for pre reveal metadata setup
    /// @param dynamicTokenAnimationURI animation for pre reveal metadata setup
    function createCollection(
        string memory name,
        string memory symbol,
        address defaultAdmin,
        uint64 collectionSize,
        uint16 royaltyBPS,
        address payable fundsRecipient,
        IERC721Collection.PublicSaleConfiguration memory publicSaleConfig,
        IERC721Collection.PresaleConfiguration[] memory presaleStages,
        bool tradingLocked,
        bool revealed,
        string memory metadataURIBase,
        string memory metadataContractURI,
        string memory dynamicTokenDesc,
        string memory dynamicTokenImageURI,
        string memory dynamicTokenAnimationURI
    ) external returns (address) {
        if (
            bytes(name).length == 0 || 
            bytes(symbol).length == 0 || 
            defaultAdmin == address(0) || 
            fundsRecipient == address(0) ||
            collectionSize == 0
        ) {
            revert Create_InvalidParam();
        }

        bytes memory metadataInitializer = abi.encode(metadataURIBase, metadataContractURI);
        bytes memory dynamicMetadataInitializer = abi.encode(dynamicTokenDesc, dynamicTokenImageURI, dynamicTokenAnimationURI);

        bytes[] memory setupData = new bytes[](2);
        setupData[0] = abi.encodeWithSelector(ERC721Collection.setPublicSaleConfiguration.selector, publicSaleConfig);
        setupData[1] = abi.encodeWithSelector(ERC721Collection.setPresaleConfiguration.selector, presaleStages);

        ERC721CollectionProxy newCollection = new ERC721CollectionProxy(implementation, "");
        address payable collectionAddress = payable(address(newCollection));

        ERC721Collection(collectionAddress).initialize({
            _contractName: name,
            _contractSymbol: symbol,
            _initialOwner: defaultAdmin,
            _fundsRecipient: fundsRecipient,
            _collectionSize: collectionSize,
            _royaltyBPS: royaltyBPS,
            _setupCalls: setupData,
            _revealed: revealed,
            _tradingLocked: tradingLocked,
            _metadataRenderer: collectionMetadataRenderer,
            _metadataRendererInit: metadataInitializer,
            _dynamicMetadataInit: dynamicMetadataInitializer
        });

        emit CreatedCollection({creator: msg.sender, contractAddress: collectionAddress, collectionSize: collectionSize});

        return collectionAddress;
    }

    /// @dev Setup contract for a collection
    /// @param name Name for new contract (cannot be changed)
    /// @param symbol Symbol for new contract (cannot be changed)
    /// @param defaultAdmin Default admin address
    /// @param editionSize Max supply of edition
    /// @param royaltyBPS BPS for on-chain royalties (cannot be changed)
    /// @param fundsRecipient recipient for sale funds and, unless overridden, royalties
    /// @param publicSaleConfig public sale configuration
    /// @param description description for dynamic metadata setup
    /// @param imageURI imageURI for dynamic metadata setup
    /// @param animationURI animation for dynamic metadata setup
    function createEdition(
        string memory name,
        string memory symbol,
        uint64 editionSize,
        uint16 royaltyBPS,
        address payable fundsRecipient,
        address defaultAdmin,
        IERC721Collection.PublicSaleConfiguration memory publicSaleConfig,
        string memory description,
        string memory animationURI,
        string memory imageURI
    ) external returns (address) {
        if (
            bytes(name).length == 0 || 
            bytes(symbol).length == 0 || 
            defaultAdmin == address(0) || 
            fundsRecipient == address(0) ||
            editionSize == 0
        ) {
            revert Create_InvalidParam();
        }

        bytes memory dynamicMetadataInitializer = abi.encode(description, imageURI, animationURI);

        ERC721CollectionProxy newCollection = new ERC721CollectionProxy(implementation, "");
        address payable collectionAddress = payable(address(newCollection));

        bytes[] memory setupData = new bytes[](1);
        setupData[0] = abi.encodeWithSelector(ERC721Collection.setPublicSaleConfiguration.selector, publicSaleConfig);

        ERC721Collection(collectionAddress).initialize({
            _contractName: name,
            _contractSymbol: symbol,
            _initialOwner: defaultAdmin,
            _fundsRecipient: fundsRecipient,
            _collectionSize: editionSize,
            _royaltyBPS: royaltyBPS,
            _setupCalls: setupData,
            _tradingLocked: false,
            _revealed: true,
            _metadataRenderer: editionMetadataRenderer,
            _metadataRendererInit: "",
            _dynamicMetadataInit: dynamicMetadataInitializer
        });

        emit CreatedCollection({creator: msg.sender, contractAddress: collectionAddress, collectionSize: editionSize});

        return collectionAddress;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
import "../ERC1967/ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable.sol";
import "./Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
 * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
 *
 * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
 * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
 * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
 *
 * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable, ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable {
    function __UUPSUpgradeable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __UUPSUpgradeable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable state-variable-assignment
    address private immutable __self = address(this);

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
     * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
     * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
     * function through ERC1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
     * fail.
     */
    modifier onlyProxy() {
        require(address(this) != __self, "Function must be called through delegatecall");
        require(_getImplementation() == __self, "Function must be called through active proxy");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
     * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
     */
    modifier notDelegated() {
        require(address(this) == __self, "UUPSUpgradeable: must not be called through delegatecall");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the ERC1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
     * implementation. It is used to validate the implementation's compatibility when performing an upgrade.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view virtual override notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
        return _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     *
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
     */
    function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) public virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, new bytes(0), false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
     * encoded in `data`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     *
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) public payable virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
     * {upgradeTo} and {upgradeToAndCall}.
     *
     * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
     * ```
     */
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {ERC1967Proxy} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";


/// @dev Freee NFT Creator Proxy Access Contract
contract ERC721CollectionProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
    constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data)
        payable
        ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data)
    {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

contract Version {

  /// @notice The version of the contract
  /// @return The version ID of this contract implementation
  function contractVersion() external pure returns (string memory) {
        return "1.0.3";
  }

}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {IMetadataRenderer} from "../interfaces/IMetadataRenderer.sol";

/// @notice Interface for Freee Collection contract
interface IERC721Collection {
    // Enums
    /// @notice Phase type
    enum PhaseType {
        Public,
        Presale,
        Airdrop,
        AdminMint
    }

    // Access errors
    /// @notice Only admin can access this function
    error Access_OnlyAdmin();
    /// @notice Missing the given role or admin access
    error Access_MissingRoleOrAdmin(bytes32 role);
    /// @notice Withdraw is not allowed by this user
    error Access_WithdrawNotAllowed();
    /// @notice Cannot withdraw funds due to ETH send failure.
    error Withdraw_FundsSendFailure();
    /// @notice Call to external metadata renderer failed.
    error ExternalMetadataRenderer_CallFailed();

    // Sale/Purchase errors
    /// @notice Sale is inactive
    error Sale_Inactive();
    /// @notice Presale is inactive
    error Presale_Inactive();
    /// @notice Presale invalid, out of range
    error Presale_Invalid();
    /// @notice Exceed presale stage supply
    error Presale_ExceedStageSupply();
    /// @notice Presale merkle root is invalid
    error Presale_MerkleNotApproved();
    /// @notice Wrong price for purchase
    error Purchase_WrongPrice(uint256 correctPrice);
    /// @notice NFT sold out
    error Mint_SoldOut();
    /// @notice Too many purchase for address
    error Purchase_TooManyForAddress();
    /// @notice Too many presale for address
    error Presale_TooManyForAddress();
    /// @notice Collection already revealed
    error Collection_Aready_Revealed();
    /// @notice Trading locked before mint out
    error Collection_TradingLocked();

    // Admin errors
    /// @notice Presale stage out of supported range
    error Setup_Presale_StageOutOfRange();
    /// @notice Royalty percentage too high
    error Setup_RoyaltyPercentageTooHigh(uint16 maxRoyaltyBPS);
    /// @notice Unable to finalize an edition not marked as open (size set to uint64_max_value)
    error Admin_UnableToFinalizeNotOpenEdition();
    /// @notice Invalid admin upgrade address
    error Admin_InvalidUpgradeAddress(address proposedAddress);
    /// @notice invalid collection size when update
    error Admin_InvalidCollectionSize();

    /// @notice Event emitted for mint fee payout
    /// @param mintFeeAmount amount of the mint fee
    /// @param mintFeeRecipient recipient of the mint fee
    /// @param success if the payout succeeded
    event MintFeePayout(uint256 mintFeeAmount, address mintFeeRecipient, bool success);

    /// @notice Event emitted for each sale
    /// @param phase phase of the sale
    /// @param to address sale was made to
    /// @param quantity quantity of the minted nfts
    /// @param pricePerToken price for each token
    /// @param firstPurchasedTokenId first purchased token ID (to get range add to quantity for max)
    /// @param presaleStage stageIndex of presale stage if applicable, else return 0
    event Sale(PhaseType phase, address indexed to, uint256 indexed quantity, uint256 indexed pricePerToken, uint256 firstPurchasedTokenId, uint256 presaleStage);

    /// @notice Event emitted for each sale
    /// @param sender address sale was made to
    /// @param tokenContract address of the token contract
    /// @param tokenId first purchased token ID (to get range add to quantity for max)
    /// @param quantity quantity of the minted nfts
    /// @param comment caller provided comment
    event MintComment(address indexed sender, address indexed tokenContract, uint256 indexed tokenId, uint256 quantity, string comment);

    /// @notice Contract has been configured and published
    /// @param changedBy Changed by user
    event ContractStatusChanged(address indexed changedBy);

    /// @notice Sales configuration has been changed
    /// @dev To access new sales configuration, use getter function.
    /// @param changedBy Changed by user
    event PublicSaleConfigChanged(address indexed changedBy);

    /// @notice Presale config changed
    /// @param changedBy changed by user
    event PresaleConfigChanged(address indexed changedBy);

    /// @notice Collection size reduced
    /// @param changedBy changed by user
    /// @param newSize new collection size
    event CollectionSizeReduced(address indexed changedBy, uint64 newSize);

    /// @notice event emit when user change the lock trading func
    /// @param changedBy changed by user
    /// @param status new status
    event LockTradingStatusChanged(address indexed changedBy, bool status);

    /// @notice Event emitted when the royalty percentage changed
    /// @param changedBy address that change the royalty
    /// @param newPercentage new royalty percentage
    event RoyaltyChanged(address indexed changedBy, uint256 newPercentage);

    /// @notice Event emitted when the funds recipient is changed
    /// @param newAddress new address for the funds recipient
    /// @param changedBy address that the recipient is changed by
    event FundsRecipientChanged(address indexed newAddress, address indexed changedBy);

    /// @notice Event emitted when the funds are withdrawn from the minting contract
    /// @param withdrawnBy address that issued the withdraw
    /// @param withdrawnTo address that the funds were withdrawn to
    /// @param amount amount that was withdrawn
    /// @param feeRecipient user getting withdraw fee (if any)
    /// @param feeAmount amount of the fee getting sent (if any)
    event FundsWithdrawn(address indexed withdrawnBy, address indexed withdrawnTo, uint256 amount, address feeRecipient, uint256 feeAmount);

    /// @notice Collection dynamic metadata changed
    /// @param changedBy address that changed the info
    event DynamicMetadataChanged(address changedBy);

    /// @notice Collection has been revealed
    /// @param revealedBy Revealed by user
    event CollectionRevealed(address indexed revealedBy);

    /// @notice Event emitted when an open mint is finalized and further minting is closed forever on the contract.
    /// @param sender address sending close mint
    /// @param numberOfMints number of mints the contract is finalized at
    event OpenMintFinalized(address indexed sender, uint256 numberOfMints);

    /// @notice Event emitted when metadata renderer is updated.
    /// @param sender address of the updater
    /// @param renderer new metadata renderer address
    event UpdatedMetadataRenderer(address sender, IMetadataRenderer renderer);

    /// @notice General configuration for NFT Minting and bookkeeping
    struct Configuration {
        /// @dev Metadata renderer (uint160)
        IMetadataRenderer metadataRenderer;
        /// @dev Max supply of collection (uint160+64 = 224)
        uint64 collectionSize;
        /// @dev Royalty amount in bps (uint224+16 = 240)
        uint16 royaltyBPS;
        /// @dev Funds recipient for sale (new slot, uint160)
        address payable fundsRecipient;
        /// @dev collection reveal status
        bool revealed;
        /// @dev lock trading before mint out
        bool lockBeforeMintOut;
    }

    /// @notice Public sale configuration
    /// @dev Uses 1 storage slot
    struct PublicSaleConfiguration {
        /// @dev Public sale price (max ether value > 1000 ether with this value)
        uint104 publicSalePrice;
        /// @notice Purchase mint limit per address (if set to 0 === unlimited mints)
        uint32 maxSalePurchasePerAddress;
        /// @dev uint64 type allows for dates into 292 billion years
        /// @notice Public sale start timestamp (136+64 = 186)
        uint64 publicSaleStart;
        /// @notice Public sale end timestamp (186+64 = 250)
        uint64 publicSaleEnd;
    }

    /// @notice Presale stage configuration
    struct PresaleConfiguration {
        /// @notice Presale stage human readable name
        string presaleName;
        /// @notice Presale start timestamp
        uint64 presaleStart;
        /// @notice Presale end timestamp
        uint64 presaleEnd;
        /// @notice Presale price in ether
        uint104 presalePrice;
        /// @notice Purchase mint limit per address (if set to 0 === unlimited mints)
        uint32 presaleMaxPurchasePerAddress;
        /// @notice supply allocated for presale stage
        uint32 presaleSupply;
        /// @notice amount minted for presale stage
        uint32 presaleMinted;
        /// @notice Presale merkle root
        bytes32 presaleMerkleRoot;
    }

    /// @notice Return type of specific mint counts and details per address
    struct AddressMintDetails {
        /// Number of presale mints for each stage from the given address
        uint256[] presaleMintsByStage;
        /// Number of presale mints from the given address
        uint256 presaleMints;
        /// Number of public mints from the given address
        uint256 publicMints;
        /// Number of total mints from the given address
        uint256 totalMints;
    }

    /// @notice External purchase function (payable in eth)
    /// @param quantity to purchase
    /// @return first minted token ID
    function purchase(uint256 quantity) external payable returns (uint256);

    /// @notice External purchase presale function (takes a merkle proof and matches to root) (payable in eth)
    /// @param stageIndex targetted presale stage
    /// @param quantity to purchase
    /// @param maxQuantity can purchase (verified by merkle root)
    /// @param pricePerToken price per token allowed (verified by merkle root)
    /// @param merkleProof input for merkle proof leaf verified by merkle root
    /// @return first minted token ID
    function purchasePresale(uint256 stageIndex, uint256 quantity, uint256 maxQuantity, uint256 pricePerToken, bytes32[] memory merkleProof) external payable returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Function to return the specific sales details for a given address
    /// @param minter address for minter to return mint information for
    function mintedPerAddress(address minter) external view returns (AddressMintDetails memory);

    /// @notice This is the opensea/public owner setting that can be set by the contract admin
    function owner() external view returns (address);

    /// @notice Admin function to update the public sale configuration settings
    /// @param newConfig updated public stage config
    function setPublicSaleConfiguration(PublicSaleConfiguration memory newConfig) external;

    /// @notice Admin function to update the presale configuration settings
    /// @param newConfig new presale configuration
    function setPresaleConfiguration(PresaleConfiguration[] memory newConfig) external;

    /// @notice Admin function to reduce collection size (cut suppy)
    /// @param _newCollectionSize new collection size
    function reduceSupply(uint64 _newCollectionSize) external;

    /// @dev Reveal collection artworks
    /// @param collectionURI collection artwork URI
    function revealCollection(string memory collectionURI) external;

    /// @notice Update the metadata renderer
    /// @param newRenderer new address for renderer
    /// @param metadataBase data to call to bootstrap data for the new renderer (optional)
    /// @param dynamicMetadataInfo data to call to bootstrap dynamic metadata for the new renderer (optional)
    function setMetadataRenderer(IMetadataRenderer newRenderer, bytes memory metadataBase, bytes memory dynamicMetadataInfo) external;

    /// @notice This is an admin mint function to mint a quantity to a specific address
    /// @param to address to mint to
    /// @param quantity quantity to mint
    /// @return the id of the first minted NFT
    function adminMint(address to, uint256 quantity) external returns (uint256);

    /// @notice This is an admin mint function to mint a single nft each to a list of addresses
    /// @param to list of addresses to mint an NFT each to
    /// @return the id of the first minted NFT
    function adminMintAirdrop(address[] memory to) external returns (uint256);

    /// @dev Getter for admin role associated with the contract to handle metadata
    /// @return boolean if address is admin
    function isAdmin(address user) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {StringsUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/StringsUpgradeable.sol";
import {IERC721MetadataUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/IERC721MetadataUpgradeable.sol";
import {IMetadataRenderer} from "../interfaces/IMetadataRenderer.sol";
import {DynamicMetadataRenderer} from "../utils/DynamicMetadataRenderer.sol";
import {MetadataRenderAdminCheck} from "./MetadataRenderAdminCheck.sol";

/// @notice Collection metadata system
contract CollectionMetadataRenderer is IMetadataRenderer, MetadataRenderAdminCheck {
    error MetadataFrozen();

    /// Event to mark updated metadata information
    event MetadataUpdated(address indexed target, string metadataBase, string metadataExtension, string contractURI, uint256 freezeAt);

    event DynamicMetadataUpdated(address indexed target, string imageURI, string animationURI);

    /// @notice Hash to mark updated provenance hash
    event ProvenanceHashUpdated(address indexed target, bytes32 provenanceHash);

    /// @notice Struct to store metadata info and update data
    struct MetadataURIInfo {
        string base;
        string extension;
        string contractURI;
        uint256 freezeAt;
    }

    struct DynamicMetadataInfo {
        string description;
        string imageURI;
        string animationURI;
    }

    /// @notice NFT metadata by contract
    mapping(address => MetadataURIInfo) public metadataBaseByContract;

    /// @notice Dynamic NFT metadata by contract
    mapping(address => DynamicMetadataInfo) public dynamicMetadataInfoByContract;

    /// @notice Optional provenance hashes for NFT metadata by contract
    mapping(address => bytes32) public provenanceHashes;

    /// @notice Standard init for collection metadata from root collection contract
    /// @param metadataBase passed in for initialization
    /// @param dynamicTokenData passed in for initialization
    function initializeWithData(bytes memory metadataBase, bytes memory dynamicTokenData) external {
        if (metadataBase.length > 0) {
            (string memory initialBaseURI, string memory initialContractURI) = abi.decode(metadataBase, (string, string));
            _updateMetadataDetails(msg.sender, initialBaseURI, "", initialContractURI, 0);
        }

        if (dynamicTokenData.length > 0) {
            (string memory description, string memory imageURI, string memory animationURI) = abi.decode(dynamicTokenData, (string, string, string));
            _updateDynamicMetadataInfo(msg.sender, description, imageURI, animationURI);            
        }
    }

    /// @notice Update the provenance hash (optional) for a given nft
    /// @param target target address to update
    /// @param provenanceHash provenance hash to set
    function updateProvenanceHash(address target, bytes32 provenanceHash) external requireSenderAdmin(target) {
        provenanceHashes[target] = provenanceHash;
        emit ProvenanceHashUpdated(target, provenanceHash);
    }

    /// @notice Update metadata base URI and contract URI
    /// @param target target contract to update metadata for
    /// @param metadataBaseURI new base URI
    /// @param newContractURI new contract URI (can be an empty string)
    function updateMetadataBase(address target, string memory metadataBaseURI, string memory newContractURI) external requireSenderAdmin(target) {
        _updateMetadataDetails(target, metadataBaseURI, "", newContractURI, 0);
    }

    /// @notice Update metadata base URI, extension, contract URI and freezing details
    /// @param target target contract to update metadata for
    /// @param metadataBase new base URI to update metadata with
    /// @param metadataExtension new extension to append to base metadata URI
    /// @param freezeAt time to freeze the contract metadata at (set to 0 to disable)
    /// @param newContractURI new contract URI (can be an empty string)
    function updateMetadataBaseWithDetails(
        address target,
        string memory metadataBase,
        string memory metadataExtension,
        string memory newContractURI,
        uint256 freezeAt
    ) external requireSenderAdmin(target) {
        _updateMetadataDetails(target, metadataBase, metadataExtension, newContractURI, freezeAt);
    }

    /// @notice Internal metadata update function
    /// @param metadataBase Bbase URI to update metadata with
    /// @param metadataExtension extension URI to append to base metadata URI
    /// @param freezeAt timestamp to freeze metadata (set to 0 to disable freezing)
    function _updateMetadataDetails(
        address target,
        string memory metadataBase,
        string memory metadataExtension,
        string memory newContractURI,
        uint256 freezeAt
    ) internal {
        uint256 contractFreezeTime = metadataBaseByContract[target].freezeAt;
        if (contractFreezeTime != 0 && contractFreezeTime <= block.timestamp) {
            revert MetadataFrozen();
        }

        metadataBaseByContract[target] = MetadataURIInfo({base: metadataBase, extension: metadataExtension, contractURI: newContractURI, freezeAt: freezeAt});

        emit MetadataUpdated({
            target: target,
            metadataBase: metadataBase,
            metadataExtension: metadataExtension,
            contractURI: newContractURI,
            freezeAt: freezeAt
        });
    }

    function updateDynamicMetadataInfo(
        address target,
        string memory description,
        string memory imageURI,
        string memory animationURI
    ) external requireSenderAdmin(target) {
        _updateDynamicMetadataInfo(target, description, imageURI, animationURI);
    }

    function _updateDynamicMetadataInfo(
        address target,
        string memory description,
        string memory imageURI,
        string memory animationURI
    ) internal {
        dynamicMetadataInfoByContract[target] = DynamicMetadataInfo({
            description: description,
            imageURI: imageURI,
            animationURI: animationURI
        });

        emit DynamicMetadataUpdated({target: target, imageURI: imageURI, animationURI: animationURI});
    }

    /// @notice A contract URI for the given collection contract
    /// @dev reverts if a contract uri is not provided
    /// @return contract uri for the contract metadata
    function contractURI() external view override returns (string memory) {
        string memory uri = metadataBaseByContract[msg.sender].contractURI;
        if (bytes(uri).length == 0) revert();
        return uri;
    }

    /// @notice A token URI for the given collection contract
    /// @dev reverts if a contract uri is not set
    /// @return token URI for the given token ID and contract (set by msg.sender)
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId, bool revealed) external view override returns (string memory) {
        if (!revealed) {
            return dynamicTokenURI(tokenId);
        }
        MetadataURIInfo memory info = metadataBaseByContract[msg.sender];

        if (bytes(info.base).length == 0) revert();

        return string(abi.encodePacked(info.base, StringsUpgradeable.toString(tokenId), info.extension));
    }

    /// @notice A token URI for the given collection contract, handle when image is the same, ex, pre-reveal
    /// @dev reverts if a contract uri is not set
    /// @return token URI for the given token ID and contract (set by msg.sender)
    function dynamicTokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view returns (string memory) {
        DynamicMetadataInfo memory info = dynamicMetadataInfoByContract[msg.sender];

        address target = msg.sender;

        if (bytes(info.imageURI).length == 0 && bytes(info.animationURI).length == 0) revert();

        return
            DynamicMetadataRenderer.createMetadata({
                name: IERC721MetadataUpgradeable(target).name(),
                description: info.description,
                imageURI: info.imageURI,
                animationURI: info.animationURI,
                isEdition: false,
                tokenId: tokenId
            });
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {IMetadataRenderer} from "../interfaces/IMetadataRenderer.sol";
import {IERC721Collection} from "../interfaces/IERC721Collection.sol";
import {IERC721MetadataUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/IERC721MetadataUpgradeable.sol";
import {IERC2981Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/IERC2981Upgradeable.sol";
import {DynamicMetadataRenderer} from "../utils/DynamicMetadataRenderer.sol";
import {MetadataRenderAdminCheck} from "./MetadataRenderAdminCheck.sol";

interface CollectionConfigGetter {
    function config() external view returns (IERC721Collection.Configuration memory config);
}

/// @notice EditionMetadataRenderer for editions support
contract EditionMetadataRenderer is IMetadataRenderer, MetadataRenderAdminCheck {
    /// @notice Storage for token edition information
    struct TokenEditionInfo {
        string description;
        string imageURI;
        string animationURI;
    }

    /// @notice Event for updated Media URIs
    event MediaURIsUpdated(address indexed target, address sender, string imageURI, string animationURI);

    /// @notice Event for a new edition initialized
    /// @dev admin function indexer feedback
    event EditionInitialized(address indexed target, string description, string imageURI, string animationURI);

    /// @notice Description updated for this edition
    /// @dev admin function indexer feedback
    event DescriptionUpdated(address indexed target, address sender, string newDescription);

    /// @notice Token information mapping storage
    mapping(address => TokenEditionInfo) public tokenInfos;

    /// @notice Update media URIs
    /// @param target target for contract to update metadata for
    /// @param imageURI new image uri address
    /// @param animationURI new animation uri address
    function updateMediaURIs(address target, string memory imageURI, string memory animationURI) external requireSenderAdmin(target) {
        tokenInfos[target].imageURI = imageURI;
        tokenInfos[target].animationURI = animationURI;
        emit MediaURIsUpdated({target: target, sender: msg.sender, imageURI: imageURI, animationURI: animationURI});
    }

    /// @notice Admin function to update description
    /// @param target target description
    /// @param newDescription new description
    function updateDescription(address target, string memory newDescription) external requireSenderAdmin(target) {
        tokenInfos[target].description = newDescription;

        emit DescriptionUpdated({target: target, sender: msg.sender, newDescription: newDescription});
    }

    /// @notice Default initializer for edition data from a specific contract
    /// @param dynamicTokenData data to init with
    function initializeWithData(bytes memory, bytes memory dynamicTokenData) external {
        // data format: description, imageURI, animationURI
        (string memory description, string memory imageURI, string memory animationURI) = abi.decode(dynamicTokenData, (string, string, string));

        tokenInfos[msg.sender] = TokenEditionInfo({description: description, imageURI: imageURI, animationURI: animationURI});
        emit EditionInitialized({target: msg.sender, description: description, imageURI: imageURI, animationURI: animationURI});
    }

    /// @notice Contract URI information getter
    /// @return contract uri (if set)
    function contractURI() external view override returns (string memory) {
        address target = msg.sender;
        TokenEditionInfo storage editionInfo = tokenInfos[target];
        IERC721Collection.Configuration memory config = CollectionConfigGetter(target).config();

        return
            DynamicMetadataRenderer.encodeContractURIJSON({
                name: IERC721MetadataUpgradeable(target).name(),
                description: editionInfo.description,
                imageURI: editionInfo.imageURI,
                animationURI: editionInfo.animationURI,
                royaltyBPS: uint256(config.royaltyBPS),
                royaltyRecipient: config.fundsRecipient
            });
    }

    /// @notice Token URI information getter
    /// @param tokenId to get uri for
    /// @return contract uri (if set)
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId, bool) public view override returns (string memory) {
        address target = msg.sender;
        TokenEditionInfo memory info = tokenInfos[target];

        return
            DynamicMetadataRenderer.createMetadata({
                name: IERC721MetadataUpgradeable(target).name(),
                description: info.description,
                imageURI: info.imageURI,
                animationURI: info.animationURI,
                isEdition: true,
                tokenId: tokenId
            });
    }

    function updateMetadataBase(address collection, string memory baseURI, string memory metadataURI) external override {
      // no-op
    }

    function dynamicTokenURI(uint256) external pure override returns (string memory) {
      return '';
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

interface IMetadataRenderer {
    function tokenURI(uint256, bool) external view returns (string memory);
    function contractURI() external view returns (string memory);
    function initializeWithData(bytes memory metadataBase, bytes memory dynamicTokenData) external;

    function updateMetadataBase(
        address collection, 
        string memory baseURI, 
        string memory metadataURI
    ) external;
    function dynamicTokenURI(uint256) external view returns (string memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {ERC721AUpgradeable} from "erc721a-upgradeable/ERC721AUpgradeable.sol";
import {IERC721Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/IERC721Upgradeable.sol";
import {IERC721AUpgradeable} from "erc721a-upgradeable/IERC721AUpgradeable.sol";
import {IERC2981Upgradeable, IERC165Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/IERC2981Upgradeable.sol";
import {AccessControlUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/AccessControlUpgradeable.sol";
import {ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
import {MerkleProofUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/cryptography/MerkleProofUpgradeable.sol";
import {UUPSUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";
import {MathUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/math/MathUpgradeable.sol";

import {IMetadataRenderer} from "./interfaces/IMetadataRenderer.sol";
import {IERC721Collection} from "./interfaces/IERC721Collection.sol";
import {IOwnable} from "./interfaces/IOwnable.sol";
import {IERC4906} from "./interfaces/IERC4906.sol";
import {IFactoryUpgradeGate} from "./interfaces/IFactoryUpgradeGate.sol";
import {OwnableSkeleton} from "./utils/OwnableSkeleton.sol";
import {FundsReceiver} from "./utils/FundsReceiver.sol";
import {Version} from "./utils/Version.sol";
import {PublicMulticall} from "./utils/PublicMulticall.sol";
import {ERC721CollectionStorageV1} from "./storage/ERC721CollectionStorageV1.sol";
import {IArbInfo} from "./interfaces/IArbInfo.sol";

/**
 * @notice Freee NFT Base contract for collection
 */
contract ERC721Collection is
    ERC721AUpgradeable,
    UUPSUpgradeable,
    IERC2981Upgradeable,
    IERC4906,
    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable,
    AccessControlUpgradeable,
    IERC721Collection,
    PublicMulticall,
    OwnableSkeleton,
    FundsReceiver,
    Version,
    ERC721CollectionStorageV1
{
    /// @dev This is the max mint batch size for the optimized ERC721A mint contract
    uint256 internal immutable MAX_MINT_BATCH_SIZE = 8;

    /// @dev Gas limit to send funds
    uint256 internal immutable FUNDS_SEND_GAS_LIMIT = 210_000;

    /// @dev This is the max number of presale stage allowed
    uint256 internal immutable PRESALE_STAGES_ALLOWED = 5;

    /// @notice Access control roles
    bytes32 public immutable MINTER_ROLE = keccak256("MINTER");
    bytes32 public immutable SALES_MANAGER_ROLE = keccak256("SALES_MANAGER");

    /// @dev Factory upgrade gate
    IFactoryUpgradeGate public immutable factoryUpgradeGate;

    /// @notice Freee Mint Fee
    uint256 private immutable MINT_FEE;

    /// @notice Mint Fee Recipient
    address payable private immutable MINT_FEE_RECIPIENT;

    /// @notice Max royalty BPS
    uint16 constant MAX_ROYALTY_BPS = 50_00;

    // /// @notice Empty string for blank comments
    // string constant EMPTY_STRING = "";

    /// @notice Only allow for users with admin access
    modifier onlyAdmin() {
        if (!hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, _msgSender())) {
            revert Access_OnlyAdmin();
        }

        _;
    }

    /// @notice Only a given role has access or admin
    /// @param role role to check for alongside the admin role
    modifier onlyRoleOrAdmin(bytes32 role) {
        if (!hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, _msgSender()) && !hasRole(role, _msgSender())) {
            revert Access_MissingRoleOrAdmin(role);
        }

        _;
    }

    /// @notice Allows user to mint tokens at a quantity
    modifier canMintTokens(uint256 quantity) {
        if (quantity + _totalMinted() > config.collectionSize) {
            revert Mint_SoldOut();
        }

        _;
    }

    function _presaleActive(uint256 stageIndex) internal view returns (bool) {
        return 
            presaleConfig[stageIndex].presaleStart > 0 && 
            presaleConfig[stageIndex].presaleStart <= block.timestamp && 
            presaleConfig[stageIndex].presaleEnd > block.timestamp;
    }

    function _publicSaleActive() internal view returns (bool) {
        return 
            publicSaleConfig.publicSaleStart > 0 &&
            publicSaleConfig.publicSaleStart <= block.timestamp && 
            publicSaleConfig.publicSaleEnd > block.timestamp;
    }

    /// @notice Presale active
    modifier onlyPresaleActive(uint256 stagIndex) {
        if (!_presaleActive(stagIndex)) {
            revert Presale_Inactive();
        }

        _;
    }

    /// @notice Public sale active
    modifier onlyPublicSaleActive() {
        if (!_publicSaleActive()) {
            revert Sale_Inactive();
        }

        _;
    }

    /// @notice Can transfer token
    modifier canTradeToken() {
        bool mintedOut = config.collectionSize == uint64(_totalMinted());
        if (config.lockBeforeMintOut && !mintedOut) {
            revert Collection_TradingLocked();
        }

        _;
    }

    /// @notice Getter for last minted token ID (gets next token id and subtracts 1)
    function _lastMintedTokenId() internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _currentIndex - 1;
    }

    /// @notice Start token ID for minting (1-100 vs 0-99)
    function _startTokenId() internal pure override returns (uint256) {
        return 1;
    }

    /// @notice Global constructor – these variables will not change with further proxy deploys
    /// @dev Marked as an initializer to prevent storage being used of base implementation. Can only be init'd by a proxy.
    /// @param _factoryUpgradeGate Factory upgrade gate address
    /// @param _mintFeeAmount Mint fee amount in wei
    /// @param _mintFeeRecipient Mint fee recipient address
    constructor(IFactoryUpgradeGate _factoryUpgradeGate, uint256 _mintFeeAmount, address payable _mintFeeRecipient) initializer {
        factoryUpgradeGate = _factoryUpgradeGate;
        MINT_FEE = _mintFeeAmount;
        MINT_FEE_RECIPIENT = _mintFeeRecipient;
    }

    ///  @dev Create a new collection contract
    ///  @param _contractName Contract name
    ///  @param _contractSymbol Contract symbol
    ///  @param _initialOwner User that owns and can mint the collection, gets royalty and sales payouts and can update the base url if needed.
    ///  @param _fundsRecipient Wallet/user that receives funds from sale
    ///  @param _collectionSize max supply of collection
    ///  @param _royaltyBPS BPS of the royalty set on the contract. Can be 0 for no royalty.
    ///  @param _setupCalls Bytes-encoded list of setup multicalls
    ///  @param _metadataRenderer Renderer contract to use
    ///  @param _metadataRendererInit Renderer data initial contract
    function initialize(
        string memory _contractName,
        string memory _contractSymbol,
        address _initialOwner,
        address payable _fundsRecipient,
        uint64 _collectionSize,
        uint16 _royaltyBPS,
        bytes[] calldata _setupCalls,
        bool _tradingLocked,
        bool _revealed,
        IMetadataRenderer _metadataRenderer,
        bytes memory _metadataRendererInit,
        bytes memory _dynamicMetadataInit
    ) public initializer {
        // Setup ERC721A
        __ERC721A_init(_contractName, _contractSymbol);
        // Setup access control
        __AccessControl_init();
        // Setup re-entracy guard
        __ReentrancyGuard_init();
        // Setup the owner role
        _setupRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, _initialOwner);
        // Set ownership to original sender of contract call
        _setOwner(_initialOwner);

        if (_setupCalls.length > 0) {
            // Setup temporary role
            _setupRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender);
            // Execute setupCalls
            multicall(_setupCalls);
            // Remove temporary role
            _revokeRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender);
        }

        // Setup config variables
        config.collectionSize = _collectionSize;
        config.metadataRenderer = _metadataRenderer;
        config.royaltyBPS = _royaltyBPS;
        config.fundsRecipient = _fundsRecipient;
        config.revealed = _revealed;
        config.lockBeforeMintOut = _tradingLocked;

        if (config.royaltyBPS > MAX_ROYALTY_BPS) {
            revert Setup_RoyaltyPercentageTooHigh(MAX_ROYALTY_BPS);
        }

        _metadataRenderer.initializeWithData(_metadataRendererInit, _dynamicMetadataInit);

        IArbInfo(0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000065).configureAutomaticYield();

    }

    /// @dev Getter for admin role associated with the contract to handle metadata
    /// @return boolean if address is admin
    function isAdmin(address user) external view returns (bool) {
        return hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, user);
    }

    /// @notice Connects this contract to the factory upgrade gate
    /// @param newImplementation proposed new upgrade implementation
    /// @dev Only can be called by admin
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal override onlyAdmin {
        if (!factoryUpgradeGate.isValidUpgradePath({_newImpl: newImplementation, _currentImpl: _getImplementation()})) {
            revert Admin_InvalidUpgradeAddress(newImplementation);
        }
    }

    /// @param tokenId Token ID to burn
    /// @notice User burn function for token id
    function burn(uint256 tokenId) public {
        _burn(tokenId, true);
    }

    /// @dev Get royalty information for token
    /// @param _salePrice Sale price for the token
    function royaltyInfo(uint256, uint256 _salePrice) external view override returns (address receiver, uint256 royaltyAmount) {
        if (config.fundsRecipient == address(0)) {
            return (config.fundsRecipient, 0);
        }
        return (config.fundsRecipient, (_salePrice * config.royaltyBPS) / 10_000);
    }

    /// @dev Number of NFTs the user has minted per address
    /// @param minter to get counts for
    function mintedPerAddress(address minter) external view override returns (IERC721Collection.AddressMintDetails memory) {
        uint256 totalPresaleMints = _totalPresaleMinted(_msgSender());
        uint256[] memory mintsByStage = new uint256[](PRESALE_STAGES_ALLOWED);
        mintsByStage[0] = presaleMintedByAddress[minter][1];
        mintsByStage[1] = presaleMintedByAddress[minter][2];
        mintsByStage[2] = presaleMintedByAddress[minter][3];
        mintsByStage[3] = presaleMintedByAddress[minter][4];
        mintsByStage[4] = presaleMintedByAddress[minter][5];
        return
            IERC721Collection.AddressMintDetails({
                presaleMintsByStage: mintsByStage,
                presaleMints: totalPresaleMints,
                publicMints: _numberMinted(minter) - totalPresaleMints,
                totalMints: _numberMinted(minter)
            });
    }

    /// @dev Setup auto-approval for Freee v3 access to sell NFT
    ///      Still requires approval for module
    /// @param nftOwner owner of the nft
    /// @param operator operator wishing to transfer/burn/etc the NFTs
    function isApprovedForAll(address nftOwner, address operator) public view override(IERC721Upgradeable, ERC721AUpgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return super.isApprovedForAll(nftOwner, operator);
    }

    /// @notice Freee fee is fixed now per mint
    /// @dev Gets the Freee fee for amount of withdraw
    function feeForAmount(uint256 quantity) public view returns (address payable recipient, uint256 fee) {
        recipient = MINT_FEE_RECIPIENT;
        fee = MINT_FEE * quantity;
    }

    /**
     *** ---------------------------------- ***
     ***                                    ***
     ***     PUBLIC MINTING FUNCTIONS       ***
     ***                                    ***
     *** ---------------------------------- ***
     ***/

    /**
      @dev This allows the user to purchase collection item
           at the given price in the contract.
     */
    /// @notice Purchase a quantity of tokens
    /// @param quantity quantity to purchase
    /// @return tokenId of the first token minted
    function purchase(uint256 quantity) external payable nonReentrant canMintTokens(quantity) onlyPublicSaleActive returns (uint256) {
        return _handlePurchase(quantity, "");
    }

    /// @notice Purchase a quantity of tokens with a comment
    /// @param quantity quantity to purchase
    /// @param comment comment to include in the IERC721Collection.Sale event
    /// @return tokenId of the first token minted
    function purchaseWithComment(
        uint256 quantity,
        string calldata comment
    ) external payable nonReentrant canMintTokens(quantity) onlyPublicSaleActive returns (uint256) {
        return _handlePurchase(quantity, comment);
    }

    function _handlePurchase(uint256 quantity, string memory comment) internal returns (uint256) {
        uint256 salePrice = publicSaleConfig.publicSalePrice;

        if (msg.value != (salePrice + MINT_FEE) * quantity) {
            revert Purchase_WrongPrice((salePrice + MINT_FEE) * quantity);
        }

        uint256 presaleMinted = _totalPresaleMinted(_msgSender());
        // If max purchase per address == 0 there is no limit.
        // Any other number, the per address mint limit is that.
        if (
            publicSaleConfig.maxSalePurchasePerAddress != 0 &&
            _numberMinted(_msgSender()) + quantity - presaleMinted > publicSaleConfig.maxSalePurchasePerAddress
        ) {
            revert Purchase_TooManyForAddress();
        }

        _mintNFTs(_msgSender(), quantity);
        uint256 firstMintedTokenId = _lastMintedTokenId() - quantity;

        _payoutFreeeFee(quantity);

        emit IERC721Collection.Sale({
            phase: IERC721Collection.PhaseType.Public,
            to: _msgSender(),
            quantity: quantity,
            pricePerToken: salePrice,
            firstPurchasedTokenId: firstMintedTokenId,
            presaleStage: 0
        });
        if (bytes(comment).length > 0) {
            emit IERC721Collection.MintComment({
                sender: _msgSender(),
                tokenContract: address(this),
                tokenId: firstMintedTokenId,
                quantity: quantity,
                comment: comment
            });
        }
        return firstMintedTokenId;
    }

    /// @notice Function to mint NFTs
    /// @dev (important: Does not enforce max supply limit, enforce that limit earlier)
    /// @dev This batches in size of 8 as per recommended by ERC721A creators
    /// @param to address to mint NFTs to
    /// @param quantity number of NFTs to mint
    function _mintNFTs(address to, uint256 quantity) internal {
        do {
            uint256 toMint = quantity > MAX_MINT_BATCH_SIZE ? MAX_MINT_BATCH_SIZE : quantity;
            _mint({to: to, quantity: toMint});
            quantity -= toMint;
        } while (quantity > 0);
    }

    /// @notice Merkle-tree based presale purchase function
    /// @param quantity quantity to purchase
    /// @param maxQuantity max quantity that can be purchased via merkle proof #
    /// @param pricePerToken price that each token is purchased at
    /// @param merkleProof proof for presale mint
    function purchasePresale(
        uint256 stageIndex,
        uint256 quantity,
        uint256 maxQuantity,
        uint256 pricePerToken,
        bytes32[] calldata merkleProof
    ) external payable nonReentrant canMintTokens(quantity) onlyPresaleActive(stageIndex) returns (uint256) {
        return _handlePurchasePresale(stageIndex, quantity, maxQuantity, pricePerToken, merkleProof, "");
    }

    /// @notice Merkle-tree based presale purchase function with a comment
    /// @param stageIndex targetted presale stage
    /// @param quantity quantity to purchase
    /// @param maxQuantity max quantity that can be purchased via merkle proof #
    /// @param pricePerToken price that each token is purchased at
    /// @param merkleProof proof for presale mint
    /// @param comment comment to include in the IERC721Collection.Sale event
    function purchasePresaleWithComment(
        uint256 stageIndex,
        uint256 quantity,
        uint256 maxQuantity,
        uint256 pricePerToken,
        bytes32[] calldata merkleProof,
        string calldata comment
    ) external payable nonReentrant canMintTokens(quantity) onlyPresaleActive(stageIndex) returns (uint256) {
        return _handlePurchasePresale(stageIndex, quantity, maxQuantity, pricePerToken, merkleProof, comment);
    }

    function _handlePurchasePresale(
        uint256 stageIndex,
        uint256 quantity,
        uint256 maxQuantity,
        uint256 pricePerToken,
        bytes32[] calldata merkleProof,
        string memory comment
    ) internal returns (uint256) {
        if (stageIndex > activePresaleStageCount) {
            revert Presale_Invalid();
        }

        PresaleConfiguration memory saleConfig = presaleConfig[stageIndex];

        if (
            !MerkleProofUpgradeable.verify(
                merkleProof,
                saleConfig.presaleMerkleRoot,
                keccak256(
                    bytes.concat(
                        keccak256(
                            // address, uint256, uint256
                            abi.encode(_msgSender(), maxQuantity, pricePerToken)
                        )
                    )
                )
            )
        ) {
            revert Presale_MerkleNotApproved();
        }

        uint256 presalePrice = saleConfig.presalePrice;
        if (pricePerToken != presalePrice) {
            presalePrice = pricePerToken;
        }
        if (msg.value != (presalePrice + MINT_FEE) * quantity) {
            revert Purchase_WrongPrice((presalePrice + MINT_FEE) * quantity);
        }

        uint256 presaleQuantity = saleConfig.presaleMaxPurchasePerAddress;
        if (maxQuantity != presaleQuantity) {
            presaleQuantity = maxQuantity;
        }

        if (presaleMintedByAddress[_msgSender()][stageIndex] + quantity > presaleQuantity) {
            revert Presale_TooManyForAddress();
        }

        bool limitedPresaleSupply = saleConfig.presaleSupply > 0;
        if (limitedPresaleSupply && quantity + saleConfig.presaleMinted > saleConfig.presaleSupply) {
            revert Presale_ExceedStageSupply();
        }

        unchecked {
            presaleMintedByAddress[_msgSender()][stageIndex] += quantity;
            presaleConfig[stageIndex].presaleMinted += uint32(quantity);
        }

        _mintNFTs(_msgSender(), quantity);
        _payoutFreeeFee(quantity);

        uint256 firstMintedTokenId = _lastMintedTokenId() - quantity;
        emit IERC721Collection.Sale({
            phase: IERC721Collection.PhaseType.Presale,
            to: _msgSender(),
            quantity: quantity,
            pricePerToken: pricePerToken,
            firstPurchasedTokenId: firstMintedTokenId,
            presaleStage: stageIndex
        });
        if (bytes(comment).length > 0) {
            emit IERC721Collection.MintComment({
                sender: _msgSender(),
                tokenContract: address(this),
                tokenId: firstMintedTokenId,
                quantity: quantity,
                comment: comment
            });
        }

        return firstMintedTokenId;
    }

    /**
     *** ---------------------------------- ***
     ***                                    ***
     ***     ADMIN MINTING FUNCTIONS        ***
     ***                                    ***
     *** ---------------------------------- ***
     ***/

    /// @notice Mint admin
    /// @param recipient recipient to mint to
    /// @param quantity quantity to mint
    function adminMint(address recipient, uint256 quantity) external onlyRoleOrAdmin(MINTER_ROLE) canMintTokens(quantity) returns (uint256) {
        _mintNFTs(recipient, quantity);
        uint256 firstMintedTokenId = _lastMintedTokenId() - quantity;

        emit IERC721Collection.Sale({
            phase: IERC721Collection.PhaseType.AdminMint,
            to: recipient,
            quantity: quantity,
            pricePerToken: 0,
            firstPurchasedTokenId: firstMintedTokenId,
            presaleStage: 0
        });

        return _lastMintedTokenId();
    }

    /// @dev This mints a token to the given list of addresses.
    /// @param recipients list of addresses to send the newly minted token to
    function adminMintAirdrop(address[] calldata recipients) external override onlyRoleOrAdmin(MINTER_ROLE) canMintTokens(recipients.length) returns (uint256) {
        uint256 atId = _currentIndex;
        uint256 startAt = atId;

        unchecked {
            for (uint256 endAt = atId + recipients.length; atId < endAt; atId++) {
                address recipient = recipients[atId - startAt];
                _mintNFTs(recipient, 1);
                uint256 firstMintedTokenId = _lastMintedTokenId() - 1;

                emit IERC721Collection.Sale({
                    phase: IERC721Collection.PhaseType.Airdrop,
                    to: recipient,
                    quantity: 1,
                    pricePerToken: 0,
                    firstPurchasedTokenId: firstMintedTokenId,
                    presaleStage: 0
                });
            }
        }
        return _lastMintedTokenId();
    }

    /**
     *** ---------------------------------- ***
     ***                                    ***
     ***  ADMIN CONFIGURATION FUNCTIONS     ***
     ***                                    ***
     *** ---------------------------------- ***
     ***/

    /// @dev Set new owner for royalties / opensea
    /// @param newOwner new owner to set
    function setOwner(address newOwner) public onlyAdmin {
        _setOwner(newOwner);
    }

    /// @notice Set a new metadata renderer
    /// @param newRenderer new renderer address to use
    /// @param metadataBase normal metadata to setup new renderer with
    /// @param dynamicMetadataInfo dynamic metadata to setup new renderer with
    function setMetadataRenderer(IMetadataRenderer newRenderer, bytes memory metadataBase, bytes memory dynamicMetadataInfo) external onlyAdmin {
        config.metadataRenderer = newRenderer;
        newRenderer.initializeWithData(metadataBase, dynamicMetadataInfo);
        emit UpdatedMetadataRenderer({sender: _msgSender(), renderer: newRenderer});

        _notifyMetadataUpdate();
    }

    /// @notice Calls the metadata renderer contract to make an update and uses the EIP4906 event to notify
    /// @param data raw calldata to call the metadata renderer contract with.
    /// @dev Only accessible via an admin role
    function callMetadataRenderer(bytes memory data) public onlyAdmin returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory response) = address(config.metadataRenderer).call(data);
        if (!success) {
            revert ExternalMetadataRenderer_CallFailed();
        }
        _notifyMetadataUpdate();
        return response;
    }

    /// @dev This sets public sale configuration
    /// @param newConfig updated public stage config
    function setPublicSaleConfiguration(PublicSaleConfiguration memory newConfig) external onlyRoleOrAdmin(SALES_MANAGER_ROLE) {
        publicSaleConfig.publicSalePrice = newConfig.publicSalePrice;
        publicSaleConfig.maxSalePurchasePerAddress = newConfig.maxSalePurchasePerAddress;
        publicSaleConfig.publicSaleStart = newConfig.publicSaleStart;
        publicSaleConfig.publicSaleEnd = newConfig.publicSaleEnd;
        emit PublicSaleConfigChanged(_msgSender());
    }

    /// @dev This set presale configuration, use this when init presale stages or when need to remove presale stage
    /// @param presaleStages presale configuration data
    function setPresaleConfiguration(
        IERC721Collection.PresaleConfiguration[] memory presaleStages
    ) external onlyRoleOrAdmin(SALES_MANAGER_ROLE) {
        uint256 stageLength = presaleStages.length;
        if (stageLength > PRESALE_STAGES_ALLOWED) {
            revert Setup_Presale_StageOutOfRange();
        }

        activePresaleStageCount = stageLength;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < stageLength; ) {
            uint256 stageIndex = i + 1;
            PresaleConfiguration memory existingConfig = presaleConfig[stageIndex];
            PresaleConfiguration memory newConfig = existingConfig;
            bool allowStartTimeChange = true;

            if (existingConfig.presaleStart > 0 && existingConfig.presaleStart <= block.timestamp) {
                allowStartTimeChange = false;
            }

            if (allowStartTimeChange) {
                newConfig.presaleStart = presaleStages[i].presaleStart;   
            }

            if (presaleStages[i].presaleEnd > newConfig.presaleStart) {
                newConfig.presaleEnd = presaleStages[i].presaleEnd;
            }
            
            newConfig.presaleName = presaleStages[i].presaleName;
            newConfig.presalePrice = presaleStages[i].presalePrice;
            newConfig.presaleMaxPurchasePerAddress = presaleStages[i].presaleMaxPurchasePerAddress;
            newConfig.presaleSupply = presaleStages[i].presaleSupply;
            newConfig.presaleMerkleRoot = presaleStages[i].presaleMerkleRoot;
            
            presaleConfig[stageIndex] = newConfig;

            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        emit PresaleConfigChanged(_msgSender());
    }

    /// @dev Reduce collection supply
    /// @param _newCollectionSize new collection size to update
    function reduceSupply(uint64 _newCollectionSize) external onlyRoleOrAdmin(SALES_MANAGER_ROLE) {
        if (_newCollectionSize >= config.collectionSize ||
            _newCollectionSize < _totalMinted()
        ) {
            revert Admin_InvalidCollectionSize();
        }

        config.collectionSize = _newCollectionSize;
        emit CollectionSizeReduced(_msgSender(), _newCollectionSize);
    }

    /// @dev Reveal collection artworks
    /// @param collectionURI collection artwork URI
    function revealCollection(string memory collectionURI) external onlyRoleOrAdmin(SALES_MANAGER_ROLE) {
        if (config.revealed) {
            revert Collection_Aready_Revealed();
        }

        config.metadataRenderer.updateMetadataBase(address(this), collectionURI, config.metadataRenderer.contractURI());
        config.revealed = true;
        emit CollectionRevealed(_msgSender());
    }

    /// @notice Admin function to finalize and open edition sale
    function finalizeOpenEdition() external onlyRoleOrAdmin(SALES_MANAGER_ROLE) {
        if (config.collectionSize != type(uint64).max) {
            revert Admin_UnableToFinalizeNotOpenEdition();
        }

        config.collectionSize = uint64(_totalMinted());
        emit OpenMintFinalized(_msgSender(), config.collectionSize);
    }

    function setTradingLock(bool _locked) external onlyAdmin {
        config.lockBeforeMintOut = _locked;
        emit LockTradingStatusChanged(_msgSender(), _locked);
    }

    /// @notice Set new royalty percentage
    /// @param _royaltyBPS new funds recipient address
    function setRoyalty(uint16 _royaltyBPS) external onlyRoleOrAdmin(SALES_MANAGER_ROLE) {
        if (_royaltyBPS > MAX_ROYALTY_BPS) {
            revert Setup_RoyaltyPercentageTooHigh(MAX_ROYALTY_BPS);
        }

        config.royaltyBPS = _royaltyBPS;
        emit RoyaltyChanged(_msgSender(), _royaltyBPS);
    }

    /// @notice Set a different funds recipient
    /// @param newRecipientAddress new funds recipient address
    function setFundsRecipient(address payable newRecipientAddress) external onlyAdmin {
        config.fundsRecipient = newRecipientAddress;
        emit FundsRecipientChanged(newRecipientAddress, _msgSender());
    }

    /// @notice This withdraws ETH from the contract to the contract owner.
    function withdraw() external nonReentrant {
        address sender = _msgSender();
        uint256 funds = address(this).balance;

        // Check if withdraw is allowed for sender
        if (!hasRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, sender) && !hasRole(SALES_MANAGER_ROLE, sender) && sender != config.fundsRecipient) {
            revert Access_WithdrawNotAllowed();
        }

        // Payout recipient
        (bool successFunds, ) = config.fundsRecipient.call{value: funds, gas: FUNDS_SEND_GAS_LIMIT}("");
        if (!successFunds) {
            revert Withdraw_FundsSendFailure();
        }

        // Emit event for indexing
        emit FundsWithdrawn(_msgSender(), config.fundsRecipient, funds, address(0), 0);
    }

    /**
     *** ---------------------------------- ***
     ***                                    ***
     ***      GENERAL GETTER FUNCTIONS      ***
     ***                                    ***
     *** ---------------------------------- ***
     ***/

    /// @notice Simple override for owner interface.
    /// @return user owner address
    function owner() public view override(IERC721Collection, OwnableSkeleton) returns (address) {
        return super.owner();
    }

    /// @notice Contract URI Getter, proxies to metadataRenderer
    /// @return Contract URI
    function contractURI() external view returns (string memory) {
        return config.metadataRenderer.contractURI();
    }

    /// @notice Getter for metadataRenderer contract
    function metadataRenderer() external view returns (IMetadataRenderer) {
        return IMetadataRenderer(config.metadataRenderer);
    }

    /// @notice Token URI Getter, proxies to metadataRenderer
    /// @param tokenId id of token to get URI for
    /// @return Token URI
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (string memory) {
        if (!_exists(tokenId)) {
            revert IERC721AUpgradeable.URIQueryForNonexistentToken();
        }

        return config.metadataRenderer.tokenURI(tokenId, config.revealed);
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to notify that all metadata may/was updated in the update
    /// @dev Since we don't know what tokens were updated, most calls to a metadata renderer
    ///      update the metadata we can assume all tokens metadata changed
    function _notifyMetadataUpdate() internal {
        uint256 totalMinted = _totalMinted();

        // If we have tokens to notify about
        if (totalMinted > 0) {
            emit BatchMetadataUpdate(_startTokenId(), totalMinted + _startTokenId());
        }
    }

    function _payoutFreeeFee(uint256 quantity) internal {
        // Transfer Freee fee to recipient
        (, uint256 FreeeFee) = feeForAmount(quantity);
        (bool success, ) = MINT_FEE_RECIPIENT.call{value: FreeeFee, gas: FUNDS_SEND_GAS_LIMIT}("");
        emit MintFeePayout(FreeeFee, MINT_FEE_RECIPIENT, success);
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to get total minted accross all presale stages
    /// @param minter to get presale counts for
    function _totalPresaleMinted(address minter) internal view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 totalMintCount = presaleMintedByAddress[minter][1] +
            presaleMintedByAddress[minter][2] +
            presaleMintedByAddress[minter][3] +
            presaleMintedByAddress[minter][4] +
            presaleMintedByAddress[minter][5];

        return totalMintCount;
    }

    /// @notice ERC165 supports interface
    /// @param interfaceId interface id to check if supported
    function supportsInterface(
        bytes4 interfaceId
    ) public view virtual override(IERC165Upgradeable, AccessControlUpgradeable, ERC721AUpgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId) ||
            type(IOwnable).interfaceId == interfaceId ||
            type(IERC2981Upgradeable).interfaceId == interfaceId ||
            // Because the EIP-4906 spec is event-based a numerically relevant interfaceId is used.
            bytes4(0x49064906) == interfaceId ||
            type(IERC721Collection).interfaceId == interfaceId;
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from, 
        address to, 
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public override(ERC721AUpgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable) canTradeToken {
        super.safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, _data);
    }
    
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from, 
        address to, 
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public override(ERC721AUpgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable) canTradeToken {
        super.safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
    }
    
    function transferFrom(
        address from, 
        address to, 
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public override(ERC721AUpgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable) canTradeToken {
        super.transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.18;

import { IOwnable2StepUpgradeable } from "./IOwnable2StepUpgradeable.sol";
import { IOwnable2StepStorageV1 } from "./IOwnable2StepStorageV1.sol";
import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/// @title Ownable
/// @author Rohan Kulkarni / Iain Nash
/// @notice Modified from OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.7.3 (access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol)
/// - Uses custom errors declared in IOwnable
/// - Adds optional two-step ownership transfer (`safeTransferOwnership` + `acceptOwnership`)
abstract contract Ownable2StepUpgradeable is IOwnable2StepUpgradeable, IOwnable2StepStorageV1, Initializable {
    ///                                                          ///
    ///                            STORAGE                       ///
    ///                                                          ///

    /// @dev Modifier to check if the address argument is the zero/burn address
    modifier notZeroAddress(address check) {
        if (check == address(0)) {
            revert OWNER_CANNOT_BE_ZERO_ADDRESS();
        }
        _;
    }

    ///                                                          ///
    ///                           MODIFIERS                      ///
    ///                                                          ///

    /// @dev Ensures the caller is the owner
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        if (msg.sender != _owner) {
            revert ONLY_OWNER();
        }
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Ensures the caller is the pending owner
    modifier onlyPendingOwner() {
        if (msg.sender != _pendingOwner) {
            revert ONLY_PENDING_OWNER();
        }
        _;
    }

    ///                                                          ///
    ///                           FUNCTIONS                      ///
    ///                                                          ///

    /// @dev Initializes contract ownership
    /// @param _initialOwner The initial owner address
    function __Ownable_init(address _initialOwner) internal notZeroAddress(_initialOwner) onlyInitializing {
        _owner = _initialOwner;

        emit OwnerUpdated(address(0), _initialOwner);
    }

    /// @notice The address of the owner
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /// @notice The address of the pending owner
    function pendingOwner() public view returns (address) {
        return _pendingOwner;
    }

    /// @notice Forces an ownership transfer from the last owner
    /// @param _newOwner The new owner address
    function transferOwnership(address _newOwner) public notZeroAddress(_newOwner) onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(_newOwner);
    }

    /// @notice Forces an ownership transfer from any sender
    /// @param _newOwner New owner to transfer contract to
    /// @dev Ensure is called only from trusted internal code, no access control checks.
    function _transferOwnership(address _newOwner) internal {
        emit OwnerUpdated(_owner, _newOwner);

        _owner = _newOwner;

        if (_pendingOwner != address(0)) {
            delete _pendingOwner;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Initiates a two-step ownership transfer
    /// @param _newOwner The new owner address
    function safeTransferOwnership(address _newOwner) public notZeroAddress(_newOwner) onlyOwner {
        _pendingOwner = _newOwner;

        emit OwnerPending(_owner, _newOwner);
    }

    /// @notice Resign ownership of contract
    /// @dev only callably by the owner, dangerous call.
    function resignOwnership() public onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /// @notice Accepts an ownership transfer
    function acceptOwnership() public onlyPendingOwner {
        emit OwnerUpdated(_owner, msg.sender);

        _transferOwnership(msg.sender);
    }

    /// @notice Cancels a pending ownership transfer
    function cancelOwnershipTransfer() public onlyOwner {
        emit OwnerCanceled(_owner, _pendingOwner);

        delete _pendingOwner;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../beacon/IBeaconUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../interfaces/IERC1967Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/StorageSlotUpgradeable.sol";
import "../utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1967Upgradeable {
    function __ERC1967Upgrade_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC1967Upgrade_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            AddressUpgradeable.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlotUpgradeable.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            AddressUpgradeable.isContract(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            AddressUpgradeable.functionDelegateCall(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Proxy.sol";
import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";

/**
 * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
 * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
 * implementation behind the proxy.
 */
contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
     *
     * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
     * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
        _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
        return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/MathUpgradeable.sol";
import "./math/SignedMathUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library StringsUpgradeable {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = MathUpgradeable.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string(abi.encodePacked(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMathUpgradeable.abs(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, MathUpgradeable.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721MetadataUpgradeable.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {Strings} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";
import {Base64} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Base64.sol";

/// NFT metadata library for dynamically render metadata
library DynamicMetadataRenderer {
    /// Generate metadata from storage information as base64-json blob
    /// Combines the media data and metadata
    /// @param name Name of NFT in metadata
    /// @param description Description of NFT in metadata
    /// @param imageURI URI of image to render for edition
    /// @param animationURI URI of animation to render for edition
    /// @param isEdition collection type
    /// @param tokenId Token ID for specific token
    function createMetadata(
        string memory name,
        string memory description,
        string memory imageURI,
        string memory animationURI,
        bool isEdition,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        string memory _tokenMediaData = tokenMediaData(imageURI, animationURI);
        bytes memory json = createMetadataJSON(name, description, _tokenMediaData, isEdition, tokenId);
        return encodeMetadataJSON(json);
    }

    /// Function to create the metadata json string for the nft edition
    /// @param name Name of NFT in metadata
    /// @param description Description of NFT in metadata
    /// @param mediaData Data for media to include in json object
    /// @param isEdition different format for edition metadata
    /// @param tokenId Token ID for specific token
    function createMetadataJSON(
        string memory name,
        string memory description,
        string memory mediaData,
        bool isEdition,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (isEdition) {
            return
                abi.encodePacked(
                    '{"name": "',
                    name,
                    " #",
                    Strings.toString(tokenId),
                    '", "',
                    'description": "',
                    description,
                    '", "',
                    mediaData,
                    ','
                    '"properties": {"number": ',
                    Strings.toString(tokenId),
                    ', "name": "',
                    name,
                    '"}}'
                );
        } else {
            return abi.encodePacked('{"name": "', name, " #", Strings.toString(tokenId), '", "', 'description": "', description, '", "', mediaData, "}");
        }
    }

    function encodeContractURIJSON(
        string memory name,
        string memory description,
        string memory imageURI,
        string memory animationURI,
        uint256 royaltyBPS,
        address royaltyRecipient
    ) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory imageSpace = bytes("");
        if (bytes(imageURI).length > 0) {
            imageSpace = abi.encodePacked('", "image": "', imageURI);
        }
        bytes memory animationSpace = bytes("");
        if (bytes(animationURI).length > 0) {
            animationSpace = abi.encodePacked('", "animation_url": "', animationURI);
        }

        return
            string(
                encodeMetadataJSON(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        '{"name": "',
                        name,
                        '", "description": "',
                        description,
                        // this is for opensea since they don't respect ERC2981 right now
                        '", "seller_fee_basis_points": ',
                        Strings.toString(royaltyBPS),
                        ', "fee_recipient": "',
                        Strings.toHexString(uint256(uint160(royaltyRecipient)), 20),
                        imageSpace,
                        animationSpace,
                        '"}'
                    )
                )
            );
    }

    /// Encodes the argument json bytes into base64-data uri format
    /// @param json Raw json to base64 and turn into a data-uri
    function encodeMetadataJSON(bytes memory json) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string(abi.encodePacked("data:application/json;base64,", Base64.encode(json)));
    }

    /// Generates edition metadata from storage information as base64-json blob
    /// Combines the media data and metadata
    /// @param imageUrl URL of image to render for edition
    /// @param animationUrl URL of animation to render for edition
    function tokenMediaData(string memory imageUrl, string memory animationUrl) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bool hasImage = bytes(imageUrl).length > 0;
        bool hasAnimation = bytes(animationUrl).length > 0;
        if (hasImage && hasAnimation) {
            return string(abi.encodePacked('image": "', imageUrl, '", "animation_url": "', animationUrl, '"'));
        }
        if (hasImage) {
            return string(abi.encodePacked('image": "', imageUrl, '"'));
        }
        if (hasAnimation) {
            return string(abi.encodePacked('animation_url": "', animationUrl, '"'));
        }

        return "";
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {IERC721Collection} from "../interfaces/IERC721Collection.sol";

contract MetadataRenderAdminCheck {
    error Access_OnlyAdmin();

    /// @notice Modifier to require the sender to be an admin
    /// @param target address that the user wants to modify
    modifier requireSenderAdmin(address target) {
        if (target != msg.sender && !IERC721Collection(target).isAdmin(msg.sender)) {
            revert Access_OnlyAdmin();
        }

        _;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC2981.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/introspection/IERC165Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the NFT Royalty Standard.
 *
 * A standardized way to retrieve royalty payment information for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to enable universal
 * support for royalty payments across all NFT marketplaces and ecosystem participants.
 *
 * _Available since v4.5._
 */
interface IERC2981Upgradeable is IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns how much royalty is owed and to whom, based on a sale price that may be denominated in any unit of
     * exchange. The royalty amount is denominated and should be paid in that same unit of exchange.
     */
    function royaltyInfo(
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint256 salePrice
    ) external view returns (address receiver, uint256 royaltyAmount);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v3.3.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "./IERC721AUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/StringsUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/introspection/ERC165Upgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension. Built to optimize for lower gas during batch mints.
 *
 * Assumes serials are sequentially minted starting at _startTokenId() (defaults to 0, e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3..).
 *
 * Assumes that an owner cannot have more than 2**64 - 1 (max value of uint64) of supply.
 *
 * Assumes that the maximum token id cannot exceed 2**256 - 1 (max value of uint256).
 */
contract ERC721AUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, ERC165Upgradeable, IERC721AUpgradeable {
    using AddressUpgradeable for address;
    using StringsUpgradeable for uint256;

    // The tokenId of the next token to be minted.
    uint256 internal _currentIndex;

    // The number of tokens burned.
    uint256 internal _burnCounter;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to ownership details
    // An empty struct value does not necessarily mean the token is unowned. See _ownershipOf implementation for details.
    mapping(uint256 => TokenOwnership) internal _ownerships;

    // Mapping owner address to address data
    mapping(address => AddressData) private _addressData;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    function __ERC721A_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC721A_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC721A_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
        _currentIndex = _startTokenId();
    }

    /**
     * To change the starting tokenId, please override this function.
     */
    function _startTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Burned tokens are calculated here, use _totalMinted() if you want to count just minted tokens.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
        // Counter underflow is impossible as _burnCounter cannot be incremented
        // more than _currentIndex - _startTokenId() times
        unchecked {
            return _currentIndex - _burnCounter - _startTokenId();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the total amount of tokens minted in the contract.
     */
    function _totalMinted() internal view returns (uint256) {
        // Counter underflow is impossible as _currentIndex does not decrement,
        // and it is initialized to _startTokenId()
        unchecked {
            return _currentIndex - _startTokenId();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165Upgradeable, IERC165Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Upgradeable).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721MetadataUpgradeable).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
        if (owner == address(0)) revert BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();
        return uint256(_addressData[owner].balance);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of tokens minted by `owner`.
     */
    function _numberMinted(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_addressData[owner].numberMinted);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of tokens burned by or on behalf of `owner`.
     */
    function _numberBurned(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_addressData[owner].numberBurned);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the auxillary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
     */
    function _getAux(address owner) internal view returns (uint64) {
        return _addressData[owner].aux;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the auxillary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
     * If there are multiple variables, please pack them into a uint64.
     */
    function _setAux(address owner, uint64 aux) internal {
        _addressData[owner].aux = aux;
    }

    /**
     * Gas spent here starts off proportional to the maximum mint batch size.
     * It gradually moves to O(1) as tokens get transferred around in the collection over time.
     */
    function _ownershipOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
        uint256 curr = tokenId;

        unchecked {
            if (_startTokenId() <= curr) if (curr < _currentIndex) {
                TokenOwnership memory ownership = _ownerships[curr];
                if (!ownership.burned) {
                    if (ownership.addr != address(0)) {
                        return ownership;
                    }
                    // Invariant:
                    // There will always be an ownership that has an address and is not burned
                    // before an ownership that does not have an address and is not burned.
                    // Hence, curr will not underflow.
                    while (true) {
                        curr--;
                        ownership = _ownerships[curr];
                        if (ownership.addr != address(0)) {
                            return ownership;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        revert OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (address) {
        return _ownershipOf(tokenId).addr;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert URIQueryForNonexistentToken();

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length != 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : '';
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overriden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return '';
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public override {
        address owner = ERC721AUpgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);
        if (to == owner) revert ApprovalToCurrentOwner();

        if (_msgSender() != owner) if(!isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender())) {
            revert ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
        }

        _approve(to, tokenId, owner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (address) {
        if (!_exists(tokenId)) revert ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        if (operator == _msgSender()) revert ApproveToCaller();

        _operatorApprovals[_msgSender()][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '');
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public virtual override {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        if (to.isContract()) if(!_checkContractOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data)) {
            revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _startTokenId() <= tokenId && tokenId < _currentIndex && !_ownerships[tokenId].burned;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `_safeMint(to, quantity, '')`.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal {
        _safeMint(to, quantity, '');
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     *   {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called for each safe transfer.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 quantity,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal {
        uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
        if (to == address(0)) revert MintToZeroAddress();
        if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();

        _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

        // Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
        // balance or numberMinted overflow if current value of either + quantity > 1.8e19 (2**64) - 1
        // updatedIndex overflows if _currentIndex + quantity > 1.2e77 (2**256) - 1
        unchecked {
            _addressData[to].balance += uint64(quantity);
            _addressData[to].numberMinted += uint64(quantity);

            _ownerships[startTokenId].addr = to;
            _ownerships[startTokenId].startTimestamp = uint64(block.timestamp);

            uint256 updatedIndex = startTokenId;
            uint256 end = updatedIndex + quantity;

            if (to.isContract()) {
                do {
                    emit Transfer(address(0), to, updatedIndex);
                    if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(address(0), to, updatedIndex++, _data)) {
                        revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
                    }
                } while (updatedIndex < end);
                // Reentrancy protection
                if (_currentIndex != startTokenId) revert();
            } else {
                do {
                    emit Transfer(address(0), to, updatedIndex++);
                } while (updatedIndex < end);
            }
            _currentIndex = updatedIndex;
        }
        _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal {
        uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
        if (to == address(0)) revert MintToZeroAddress();
        if (quantity == 0) revert MintZeroQuantity();

        _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

        // Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
        // balance or numberMinted overflow if current value of either + quantity > 1.8e19 (2**64) - 1
        // updatedIndex overflows if _currentIndex + quantity > 1.2e77 (2**256) - 1
        unchecked {
            _addressData[to].balance += uint64(quantity);
            _addressData[to].numberMinted += uint64(quantity);

            _ownerships[startTokenId].addr = to;
            _ownerships[startTokenId].startTimestamp = uint64(block.timestamp);

            uint256 updatedIndex = startTokenId;
            uint256 end = updatedIndex + quantity;

            do {
                emit Transfer(address(0), to, updatedIndex++);
            } while (updatedIndex < end);

            _currentIndex = updatedIndex;
        }
        _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) private {
        TokenOwnership memory prevOwnership = _ownershipOf(tokenId);

        if (prevOwnership.addr != from) revert TransferFromIncorrectOwner();

        bool isApprovedOrOwner = (_msgSender() == from ||
            isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSender()) ||
            getApproved(tokenId) == _msgSender());

        if (!isApprovedOrOwner) revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
        if (to == address(0)) revert TransferToZeroAddress();

        _beforeTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId, from);

        // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
        // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
        // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as tokenId would have to be 2**256.
        unchecked {
            _addressData[from].balance -= 1;
            _addressData[to].balance += 1;

            TokenOwnership storage currSlot = _ownerships[tokenId];
            currSlot.addr = to;
            currSlot.startTimestamp = uint64(block.timestamp);

            // If the ownership slot of tokenId+1 is not explicitly set, that means the transfer initiator owns it.
            // Set the slot of tokenId+1 explicitly in storage to maintain correctness for ownerOf(tokenId+1) calls.
            uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
            TokenOwnership storage nextSlot = _ownerships[nextTokenId];
            if (nextSlot.addr == address(0)) {
                // This will suffice for checking _exists(nextTokenId),
                // as a burned slot cannot contain the zero address.
                if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
                    nextSlot.addr = from;
                    nextSlot.startTimestamp = prevOwnership.startTimestamp;
                }
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        _afterTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `_burn(tokenId, false)`.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _burn(tokenId, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId, bool approvalCheck) internal virtual {
        TokenOwnership memory prevOwnership = _ownershipOf(tokenId);

        address from = prevOwnership.addr;

        if (approvalCheck) {
            bool isApprovedOrOwner = (_msgSender() == from ||
                isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSender()) ||
                getApproved(tokenId) == _msgSender());

            if (!isApprovedOrOwner) revert TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
        }

        _beforeTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId, from);

        // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
        // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
        // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as tokenId would have to be 2**256.
        unchecked {
            AddressData storage addressData = _addressData[from];
            addressData.balance -= 1;
            addressData.numberBurned += 1;

            // Keep track of who burned the token, and the timestamp of burning.
            TokenOwnership storage currSlot = _ownerships[tokenId];
            currSlot.addr = from;
            currSlot.startTimestamp = uint64(block.timestamp);
            currSlot.burned = true;

            // If the ownership slot of tokenId+1 is not explicitly set, that means the burn initiator owns it.
            // Set the slot of tokenId+1 explicitly in storage to maintain correctness for ownerOf(tokenId+1) calls.
            uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
            TokenOwnership storage nextSlot = _ownerships[nextTokenId];
            if (nextSlot.addr == address(0)) {
                // This will suffice for checking _exists(nextTokenId),
                // as a burned slot cannot contain the zero address.
                if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
                    nextSlot.addr = from;
                    nextSlot.startTimestamp = prevOwnership.startTimestamp;
                }
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, address(0), tokenId);
        _afterTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Overflow not possible, as _burnCounter cannot be exceed _currentIndex times.
        unchecked {
            _burnCounter++;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits a {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        address owner
    ) private {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkContractOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        try IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
            return retval == IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable(to).onERC721Received.selector;
        } catch (bytes memory reason) {
            if (reason.length == 0) {
                revert TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
            } else {
                assembly {
                    revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token ids are about to be transferred. This includes minting.
     * And also called before burning one token.
     *
     * startTokenId - the first token id to be transferred
     * quantity - the amount to be transferred
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after a set of serially-ordered token ids have been transferred. This includes
     * minting.
     * And also called after one token has been burned.
     *
     * startTokenId - the first token id to be transferred
     * quantity - the amount to be transferred
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` has been
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` has been minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` has been burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[42] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../token/ERC721/IERC721Upgradeable.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v3.3.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/IERC721Upgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721MetadataUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface of an ERC721A compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721AUpgradeable is IERC721Upgradeable, IERC721MetadataUpgradeable {
    /**
     * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     */
    error ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * The caller cannot approve to their own address.
     */
    error ApproveToCaller();

    /**
     * The caller cannot approve to the current owner.
     */
    error ApprovalToCurrentOwner();

    /**
     * Cannot query the balance for the zero address.
     */
    error BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();

    /**
     * Cannot mint to the zero address.
     */
    error MintToZeroAddress();

    /**
     * The quantity of tokens minted must be more than zero.
     */
    error MintZeroQuantity();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     */
    error TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

    /**
     * The token must be owned by `from`.
     */
    error TransferFromIncorrectOwner();

    /**
     * Cannot safely transfer to a contract that does not implement the ERC721Receiver interface.
     */
    error TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();

    /**
     * Cannot transfer to the zero address.
     */
    error TransferToZeroAddress();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error URIQueryForNonexistentToken();

    // Compiler will pack this into a single 256bit word.
    struct TokenOwnership {
        // The address of the owner.
        address addr;
        // Keeps track of the start time of ownership with minimal overhead for tokenomics.
        uint64 startTimestamp;
        // Whether the token has been burned.
        bool burned;
    }

    // Compiler will pack this into a single 256bit word.
    struct AddressData {
        // Realistically, 2**64-1 is more than enough.
        uint64 balance;
        // Keeps track of mint count with minimal overhead for tokenomics.
        uint64 numberMinted;
        // Keeps track of burn count with minimal overhead for tokenomics.
        uint64 numberBurned;
        // For miscellaneous variable(s) pertaining to the address
        // (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
        // If there are multiple variables, please pack them into a uint64.
        uint64 aux;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     * 
     * Burned tokens are calculated here, use `_totalMinted()` if you want to count just minted tokens.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/AccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IAccessControlUpgradeable.sol";
import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../utils/StringsUpgradeable.sol";
import "../utils/introspection/ERC165Upgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
 * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
 * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
 * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
 * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
 *
 * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
 * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
 * using `public constant` hash digests:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
 * function call, use {hasRole}:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function foo() public {
 *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
 * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
 * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
 *
 * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
 * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
 * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
 * {_setRoleAdmin}.
 *
 * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
 * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
 * accounts that have been granted it. We recommend using {AccessControlDefaultAdminRules}
 * to enforce additional security measures for this role.
 */
abstract contract AccessControlUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IAccessControlUpgradeable, ERC165Upgradeable {
    function __AccessControl_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __AccessControl_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    struct RoleData {
        mapping(address => bool) members;
        bytes32 adminRole;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 => RoleData) private _roles;

    bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
     * with a standardized message including the required role.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
        _checkRole(role);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IAccessControlUpgradeable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _roles[role].members[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `_msgSender()` is missing `role`.
     * Overriding this function changes the behavior of the {onlyRole} modifier.
     *
     * Format of the revert message is described in {_checkRole}.
     *
     * _Available since v4.6._
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role) internal view virtual {
        _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `account` is missing `role`.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        "AccessControl: account ",
                        StringsUpgradeable.toHexString(account),
                        " is missing role ",
                        StringsUpgradeable.toHexString(uint256(role), 32)
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view virtual override returns (bytes32) {
        return _roles[role].adminRole;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override {
        require(account == _msgSender(), "AccessControl: can only renounce roles for self");

        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event. Note that unlike {grantRole}, this function doesn't perform any
     * checks on the calling account.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * This function should only be called from the constructor when setting
     * up the initial roles for the system.
     *
     * Using this function in any other way is effectively circumventing the admin
     * system imposed by {AccessControl}.
     * ====
     *
     * NOTE: This function is deprecated in favor of {_grantRole}.
     */
    function _setupRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
        bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
        _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
        emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = true;
            emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = false;
            emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable is Initializable {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _status == _ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.2) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Tree proofs.
 *
 * The tree and the proofs can be generated using our
 * https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/merkle-tree[JavaScript library].
 * You will find a quickstart guide in the readme.
 *
 * WARNING: You should avoid using leaf values that are 64 bytes long prior to
 * hashing, or use a hash function other than keccak256 for hashing leaves.
 * This is because the concatenation of a sorted pair of internal nodes in
 * the merkle tree could be reinterpreted as a leaf value.
 * OpenZeppelin's JavaScript library generates merkle trees that are safe
 * against this attack out of the box.
 */
library MerkleProofUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
     * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
     * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
     * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     */
    function verify(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {verify}
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function verifyCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProofCalldata(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merkle tree up
     * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
     * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
     * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     *
     * _Available since v4.4._
     */
    function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {processProof}
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function processProofCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the `leaves` can be simultaneously proven to be a part of a merkle tree defined by
     * `root`, according to `proof` and `proofFlags` as described in {processMultiProof}.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function multiProofVerify(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bool[] memory proofFlags,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processMultiProof(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {multiProofVerify}
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function multiProofVerifyCalldata(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        bool[] calldata proofFlags,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processMultiProofCalldata(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the root of a tree reconstructed from `leaves` and sibling nodes in `proof`. The reconstruction
     * proceeds by incrementally reconstructing all inner nodes by combining a leaf/inner node with either another
     * leaf/inner node or a proof sibling node, depending on whether each `proofFlags` item is true or false
     * respectively.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. To use multiproofs, it is sufficient to ensure that: 1) the tree
     * is complete (but not necessarily perfect), 2) the leaves to be proven are in the opposite order they are in the
     * tree (i.e., as seen from right to left starting at the deepest layer and continuing at the next layer).
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function processMultiProof(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bool[] memory proofFlags,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
        // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
        // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
        // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
        // the merkle tree.
        uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
        uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
        uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;

        // Check proof validity.
        require(leavesLen + proofLen - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");

        // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
        // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
        bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
        uint256 leafPos = 0;
        uint256 hashPos = 0;
        uint256 proofPos = 0;
        // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
        // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
        //   get the next hash.
        // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
        //   `proof` array.
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
            bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
            bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                : proof[proofPos++];
            hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
        }

        if (totalHashes > 0) {
            require(proofPos == proofLen, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");
            unchecked {
                return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
            }
        } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
            return leaves[0];
        } else {
            return proof[0];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {processMultiProof}.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function processMultiProofCalldata(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        bool[] calldata proofFlags,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
        // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
        // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
        // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
        // the merkle tree.
        uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
        uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
        uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;

        // Check proof validity.
        require(leavesLen + proofLen - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");

        // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
        // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
        bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
        uint256 leafPos = 0;
        uint256 hashPos = 0;
        uint256 proofPos = 0;
        // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
        // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
        //   get the next hash.
        // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
        //   `proof` array.
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
            bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
            bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                : proof[proofPos++];
            hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
        }

        if (totalHashes > 0) {
            require(proofPos == proofLen, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");
            unchecked {
                return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
            }
        } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
            return leaves[0];
        } else {
            return proof[0];
        }
    }

    function _hashPair(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32) {
        return a < b ? _efficientHash(a, b) : _efficientHash(b, a);
    }

    function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, a)
            mstore(0x20, b)
            value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library MathUpgradeable {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * This ownership interface matches OZ's ownable interface.
 *
 */
interface IOwnable {
    error ONLY_OWNER();
    error ONLY_PENDING_OWNER();

    event OwnershipTransferred(
        address indexed previousOwner,
        address indexed newOwner
    );

    event OwnerPending(
        address indexed previousOwner,
        address indexed potentialNewOwner
    );

    event OwnerCanceled(
        address indexed previousOwner,
        address indexed potentialNewOwner
    );

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {IERC165Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/IERC165Upgradeable.sol";
import {IERC721Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/IERC721Upgradeable.sol";

/// @title EIP-721 Metadata Update Extension
interface IERC4906 is IERC165Upgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable {
    /// @dev This event emits when the metadata of a token is changed.
    /// So that the third-party platforms such as NFT market could
    /// timely update the images and related attributes of the NFT.
    event MetadataUpdate(uint256 _tokenId);

    /// @dev This event emits when the metadata of a range of tokens is changed.
    /// So that the third-party platforms such as NFT market could
    /// timely update the images and related attributes of the NFTs.
    event BatchMetadataUpdate(uint256 _fromTokenId, uint256 _toTokenId);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

interface IFactoryUpgradeGate {
  function isValidUpgradePath(address _newImpl, address _currentImpl) external returns (bool);

  function registerNewUpgradePath(address _newImpl, address[] calldata _supportedPrevImpls) external;

  function unregisterUpgradePath(address _newImpl, address _prevImpl) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {IOwnable} from "../interfaces/IOwnable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * This ownership interface matches OZ's ownable interface.
 */
contract OwnableSkeleton is IOwnable {
    address private _owner;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    function _setOwner(address newAddress) internal {
        emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newAddress);
        _owner = newAddress;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

/**
 * @notice This allows this contract to receive native currency funds from other contracts
 * Uses event logging for UI reasons.
 */
contract FundsReceiver {
    event FundsReceived(address indexed source, uint256 amount);

    receive() external payable {
        emit FundsReceived(msg.sender, msg.value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

abstract contract PublicMulticall {
    /**
     * @dev Receives and executes a batch of function calls on this contract.
     */
    function multicall(bytes[] calldata data)
        public
        virtual
        returns (bytes[] memory results)
    {
        results = new bytes[](data.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
            results[i] = Address.functionDelegateCall(address(this), data[i]);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

import {IERC721Collection} from "../interfaces/IERC721Collection.sol";

contract ERC721CollectionStorageV1 {
    /// @notice Configuration for NFT minting contract storage
    IERC721Collection.Configuration public config;

    /// @notice Public sale configuration
    IERC721Collection.PublicSaleConfiguration public publicSaleConfig;

    /// @notice Active presale stage count
    uint256 public activePresaleStageCount;

    /// @notice Presale configuration
    mapping(uint256 => IERC721Collection.PresaleConfiguration) public presaleConfig; 

    /// @dev Mapping for presale mint counts by address and stage
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) public presaleMintedByAddress;

    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

interface IArbInfo {
    function configureAutomaticYield() external;
    function configureVoidYield() external;
    function configureDelegateYield(address delegate) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.18;

/// @title IOwnable2StepUpgradeable
/// @author Rohan Kulkarni
/// @notice The external Ownable events, errors, and functions
interface IOwnable2StepUpgradeable {
    ///                                                          ///
    ///                            EVENTS                        ///
    ///                                                          ///

    /// @notice Emitted when ownership has been updated
    /// @param prevOwner The previous owner address
    /// @param newOwner The new owner address
    event OwnerUpdated(address indexed prevOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /// @notice Emitted when an ownership transfer is pending
    /// @param owner The current owner address
    /// @param pendingOwner The pending new owner address
    event OwnerPending(address indexed owner, address indexed pendingOwner);

    /// @notice Emitted when a pending ownership transfer has been canceled
    /// @param owner The current owner address
    /// @param canceledOwner The canceled owner address
    event OwnerCanceled(address indexed owner, address indexed canceledOwner);

    ///                                                          ///
    ///                            ERRORS                        ///
    ///                                                          ///

    /// @dev Reverts if an unauthorized user calls an owner function
    error ONLY_OWNER();

    /// @dev Reverts if an unauthorized user calls a pending owner function
    error ONLY_PENDING_OWNER();

    /// @dev Owner cannot be the zero/burn address
    error OWNER_CANNOT_BE_ZERO_ADDRESS();

    ///                                                          ///
    ///                           FUNCTIONS                      ///
    ///                                                          ///

    /// @notice The address of the owner
    function owner() external view returns (address);

    /// @notice The address of the pending owner
    function pendingOwner() external view returns (address);

    /// @notice Forces an ownership transfer
    /// @param newOwner The new owner address
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) external;

    /// @notice Initiates a two-step ownership transfer
    /// @param newOwner The new owner address
    function safeTransferOwnership(address newOwner) external;

    /// @notice Accepts an ownership transfer
    function acceptOwnership() external;

    /// @notice Cancels a pending ownership transfer
    function cancelOwnershipTransfer() external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.18;

abstract contract IOwnable2StepStorageV1 {
    /// @dev The address of the owner
    address internal _owner;

    /// @dev The address of the pending owner
    address internal _pendingOwner;

    /// @dev storage gap
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeaconUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
 *
 * _Available since v4.8.3._
 */
interface IERC1967Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
 * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
 */
library StorageSlotUpgradeable {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }

    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
 * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
 * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
 *
 * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
 * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
 *
 * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())

            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)

            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())

            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
     * and {_fallback} should delegate.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);

    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual {
        _beforeFallback();
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
     * function in the contract matches the call data.
     */
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
     * is empty.
     */
    receive() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
     * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
     *
     * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
     */
    function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade is IERC1967 {
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMathUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721MetadataUpgradeable is IERC721Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/Math.sol";
import "./math/SignedMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string(abi.encodePacked(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Base64.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides a set of functions to operate with Base64 strings.
 *
 * _Available since v4.5._
 */
library Base64 {
    /**
     * @dev Base64 Encoding/Decoding Table
     */
    string internal constant _TABLE = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `bytes` to its Bytes64 `string` representation.
     */
    function encode(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        /**
         * Inspired by Brecht Devos (Brechtpd) implementation - MIT licence
         * https://github.com/Brechtpd/base64/blob/e78d9fd951e7b0977ddca77d92dc85183770daf4/base64.sol
         */
        if (data.length == 0) return "";

        // Loads the table into memory
        string memory table = _TABLE;

        // Encoding takes 3 bytes chunks of binary data from `bytes` data parameter
        // and split into 4 numbers of 6 bits.
        // The final Base64 length should be `bytes` data length multiplied by 4/3 rounded up
        // - `data.length + 2`  -> Round up
        // - `/ 3`              -> Number of 3-bytes chunks
        // - `4 *`              -> 4 characters for each chunk
        string memory result = new string(4 * ((data.length + 2) / 3));

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            // Prepare the lookup table (skip the first "length" byte)
            let tablePtr := add(table, 1)

            // Prepare result pointer, jump over length
            let resultPtr := add(result, 32)

            // Run over the input, 3 bytes at a time
            for {
                let dataPtr := data
                let endPtr := add(data, mload(data))
            } lt(dataPtr, endPtr) {

            } {
                // Advance 3 bytes
                dataPtr := add(dataPtr, 3)
                let input := mload(dataPtr)

                // To write each character, shift the 3 bytes (18 bits) chunk
                // 4 times in blocks of 6 bits for each character (18, 12, 6, 0)
                // and apply logical AND with 0x3F which is the number of
                // the previous character in the ASCII table prior to the Base64 Table
                // The result is then added to the table to get the character to write,
                // and finally write it in the result pointer but with a left shift
                // of 256 (1 byte) - 8 (1 ASCII char) = 248 bits

                mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(18, input), 0x3F))))
                resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1) // Advance

                mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(12, input), 0x3F))))
                resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1) // Advance

                mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(6, input), 0x3F))))
                resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1) // Advance

                mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(input, 0x3F))))
                resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1) // Advance
            }

            // When data `bytes` is not exactly 3 bytes long
            // it is padded with `=` characters at the end
            switch mod(mload(data), 3)
            case 1 {
                mstore8(sub(resultPtr, 1), 0x3d)
                mstore8(sub(resultPtr, 2), 0x3d)
            }
            case 2 {
                mstore8(sub(resultPtr, 1), 0x3d)
            }
        }

        return result;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC165Upgradeable {
    function __ERC165_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC165_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165Upgradeable).interfaceId;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721Upgradeable is IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/IAccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
 */
interface IAccessControlUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
     *
     * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
     * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
     * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
     */
    event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
     *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
     *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
     */
    event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/introspection/IERC165Upgradeable.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
 *
 * _Available since v4.8.3._
 */
interface IERC1967 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
 * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }

    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

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